Survey on Salmonella contamination of Golden Jackals by microbiological culture methods and PCR in Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces
somayeh
namroodi
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست
گروه محیط زیست
author
حمید
استاجی
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Semnan Semnan, Iran
author
عزت الله
قائمی
Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
author
seyyed vahhab
sharafi
gorgan university of agricultural culture and natural resources
author
text
article
2017
per
Introduction and objective: Salmonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens have been infected a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Opportunistic wild carnivores such as Golden jackal (Canis aureus) which stray in high numbers around the rural areas can act as potential sources of salmonella spp in humans and wild & domestic animals in North Iran.The object of this survey was to examine the Salmonella spp infection including the antibiotic-resistant pattern in golden jackals in Golestan and Mazandaran Province.Material and Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, fecal samples of 50 road-killed Golden jackals (Canis aureus), were collected and analyzed for Salmonella contamination by classical microbiological culture methods and PCR followed by serotyping and determining of antibiotic resistant pattern.Results: 5 Salmonella belonging to 2 serotypes: S typhymurium (3/5) and S arizona (2/5) were isolated by culturing and PCR. The rate of Salmonella contamination was similar between females and males and higher incidence detected in jackals under 2 years old.Conclusion: 10% Salmonella infection of sampled golden jackals highlights the neglected role of this species in zoonotic diseases dissemination and posing a great threat to human health in rural areas of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces.The epidemiological study on role of wild animals in the spread of salmonella and developing strategy for salmonellosis prevention and control seems necessary.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
269
276
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65113_854aed9a363744ab04b225784710cffe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.130431.2342
Evaluation of National Anthrax Strategy in Livestock in Iran
hossein
esmaeili
دکترای دامپزشکی
author
Morad
Moradigravand
کارشناس سازمان دامپزشکی کشور
author
منوچهر
قریب ممبینی
کارشناس سازمان دامپزشکی کشور
author
mona
hamedi
گروه میکروب شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران، تهران- ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
Background: Anthrax is a widespread disease in Iran and its importance is not only restricted to the economic losses in livestock but also is significant in terms of public health. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthrax combating program in livestock since 1989 to 2014. Methods: In this study, national strategy of anthrax disease in livestock was evaluated from the beginning to 2014. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Vaccination against anthrax began from 1929. From1989 to 2014, vaccination had been done for 78621001 cattle and 1357680466 small ruminants. In these years, there were 452 and 761 epidemics of disease in cattle and small ruminants respectively. In addition, 666 cattle and 5775 small ruminants were dead due to anthrax. There was no statistically significant relationship between the number of epidemics and vaccination, as well as between the rate of mortality and vaccination in livestock population.Conclusion: Without planning based on epidemiological principles, vaccination alone will not actually be able to decrease the incidence of the disease, so vaccination should be targeted along with control and surveillance.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
277
282
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65111_33444b5c821fd33cfe1dce2c3318593d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.126321.2313
Phylogenetic study of Ostertagia species
Fatemeh
Jalousian
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran (Center of Excellent of Ecosystem and Ultrastructural changes of Helminthes)
author
Meysam
Sabor Drbandi
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran (Center of Excellent of Ecosystem and Ultrastructural changes of Helminthes)
author
Behnam
Meshgi
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran (Center of Excellent of Ecosystem and Ultrastructural changes of Helminthes)
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Ostertagia species are the main domestic ruminants abomasum worms, which cause parasitic gastritis. Parasitic gastritis is associated with disruption of the endocrine structure of abomasum, and influence the function and pH of abomasums. This can lead to weight loss, reduced milk and wool production with potentially mal-digestion of proteins. These cause the economic loss to animal husbandry industry. So, the national research priority in veterinary parasitology is identification of different native species of Ostertagia in Iran. OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study is identification and differentiation of Ostertagia species based on the molecular characterization. METHODS: During carcasses inspection at different abattoirs in Rey, Tehran, Mashhad and Bandar Abbas, 180 adult male worms of Ostertagia species from sheep and goat were collected. Morphological analysis was performed based on the morphometric characteristics of spicules. The ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2 ribosomal DNA was ampilified from individual worms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then purified PCR product were sequenced and analyzed by Blast tool. RESULTS: 946 bp PCR products for all sequenced samples were compared with the released sequences of Ostertagia isolates available from GenBank and showed 2-3% differences and 97-98% similarity. CONCLUSIONS: The three species included in the present study are different in terms of molecular property (with 2-3% difference) and it is necessary to determine transmittance pattern and host affinity rules from each one to be used by program managers and evaluators for Prevention and Control programs.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
283
288
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65245_a3c4374d49f6bfc178ed92cd686749da.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.226031.2577
Evaluation of enzymatic effects of some strains of Entomopathogenic fungi studied on hard ticks (Ixodes ricinus)
Yaser
Pirali
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
Isaac
Karimi
Department of Basic Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Sedigheh
Nabian
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Vahidreza
Zeilabi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Biological control of parasites by using entomopathogen fungi is the one of the recommended ways to control them instead of using the chemical agents. Entomopathogen fungi are not pathogenic for animals and plants, while ticks are one of the most important parasites of animals that can transmit very important microbial pathogens. Ixodes ricinus is a hard tick that infests animals and human. OBJECTIVES: This study demonstrated enzyme assay of entomopathogen fungi hosted on Ixodes ricinus. METHODS: Enzymatic activities of chitinase, lipase and protease of fungal structures on the killed tick bodies have been assayed by standard sphectrophotometric methods. RESULTS: Chitinase, lipase and protease activities showed significant differences among different fungal strains (p<0.05). This research, which was done for first time in Iran demonstrated the effect of some enzymes which affect on acaricidal properties of native strain of entomopathogenic fungi in Iran. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals the relationship between enzyme level of fungal strains and the possibility of selecting more effective strains of entomopathogenic fungi
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
289
295
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65246_35d214baa4f789d8650fc272de205510.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2018.35257.1976
Effects of Betaine on growth and blood indices changes of broilers under heat stress
زاهد
عزیز مسگری
گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
محسن
دانشیار
دانشگاه ارومیه
author
علی میرزا
آقازاده
گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ارومیه
author
text
article
2017
per
BACGROUNDS: Heat stress causes the lower performance in broiler chickens. OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to investigate the effect of betaine supplementation in broiler chickens under heat stress condition. METHODS: Two hundred one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates per treatment and 10 birds per each replicate. The experimental treatments were the heat stressed birds fed the different levels of 0.0 (without any dietary supplement), 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% betaine. The experimental diets were added to the diets during the finisher period (day 25 to 42 of age) and under heat stress condition (32±1º C from 9.00 AM to 5.00 PM). RESULTS: The results showed that feed consumption was not affected by betaine supplementation. Consumption of 0.2% betaine resulted in a higher weight gain during the whole period as compared to 0.05 betaine and control diet (P<0.05). The consumption of all betaine levels caused the decreased feed conversion ratio during the finisher period (P<0.05) and 0.2% betaine resulted in lowest feed conversion ratio between the experimental treatments. Dietary betaine supplementation had no effect on internal organ weights of heart, liver, abdominal fat, spleen and bursa at day 42 of age (P>0.05). Furthermore, consumption of different betaine levels had no effects on blood indices, the amounts of blood enzymes and antioxidant status at day 42 of age (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Totally, the consumption of 0.2% betaine improves the performance without any effects on blood indices and internal organs under heat stress condition.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
297
304
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65089_f18209aa2d309b6341c2519041f16247.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.129939.2340
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (PTCC 1637) on ruminal detoxification of aflatoxin B1
reza
karazhyan
member of scientific staff/ ACECR mashhad
author
Iraj
Shaker Sheyda
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
معصومه
مهربان سنگ آتش
عضو هیئت علمی/ پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری مواد غذایی جهاددانشگاهی مشهد
author
Faeze
Tajjali
Molecular Medicine Research Department, ACECR, Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
محسن
مجتهدی
گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند
author
محمد
صادق
کارشناس ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، شرکت ژرف اندیشان فاخر
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites due to the growth of molds in animal feed. Lactic acid bacteria are microorganisms that can absorb aflatoxins. Objectives: the effect of the yeast Lactobacillus rhamnosus (PTCC 1637) on Aflatoxin B1 detoxification and absorption of toxin in in vitro (the cow rumen) was investigated. METHODS: For this purpose, the bacteria used in various treatments (live-treated, autoclave, heat-treated, treated with acid 100ºC) was prepared and added to the rumen of cattle. Aflatoxin B1 in different doses (0, 5, 10, 20) ppb in the rumen were added and at times one and two hours were incubated at 37°C. The amount of toxin residues was measured by ELISA using Europroxima kits. RESULTS: The results showed that microorganisms have been treated in an autoclave have the largest amount toxin removal (90.5 percent) (p<0.05). Also with increases the incubation time, the amount of toxin absorbed significantly (78%) increased (p<0.05) and with increasing concentrations of toxin in vitro the bacteria’s ability to absorb toxin increases. Conclusions: As a solution to the livestock feed industry bacterial cell wall or its compounds can be helpful in reducing Aflatoxin B1 toxin.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
305
311
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65235_ac364b5aac25670f82a4783a2319d495.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.127339.2319
Evaluation of the contamination of aflatoxin M1 level in raw milk samples by ELISA method in Yazd province
Ramak
Yahyaraeyat
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hojatollah
Shokri
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
author
Ali Reza
Khosravi
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
سپیده
ترابی
بخش کنترل مواد غذایی، اداره کل دامپزشکی، یزد، ایران
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the main monohydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) formed in liver and excreted into milk. AFM1 creates certain hygienic risks for human health. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine AFM1 level in raw milk samples in Yazd province. METHODS: This investigation was a descriptive-cross sectional study. Eighty raw milk samples were collected from four cities (Yazd, Taft, Mehriz and Sadogh) in Yazd province in winter and spring seasons. The concentration of AFM1 was determined by ELISA method. The analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. RESULTS: All samples (100%) were contaminated with AFM1, with the concentrations ranging from 3.18 to 92.24 ng/l with a mean concentration of 22.07 ng/l. AFM1 level in 13.7% of raw milk samples was higher than the maximum tolerance limit of 50 ng/l accepted by the European Union (EU). The contamination level of AFM1 in winter samples (28.21 ng/l) was higher than spring samples (15.92 ng/l). Also, the highest and lowest contamination levels were observed in milk samples collected from Sadogh (mean 42.21 ng/l) and Yazd (12.79 ng/l) cities, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results demonstrated AFM1 was detected with a mean concentration of 22.07 ng/l in milk samples of Yazd province. Moreover, 13.7% of samples contained AFM1 at hazardous levels for human health.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
313
321
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65244_be2fadac37047a9325c35195cebc630a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.222337.2551
Effect of Antioxidant organic sulfur compounds on performance, prooxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) of the Eimeria-infected broiler chickens
Mostafa
pourali
Teacher of Education of khorasan razavi
author
Abolghasem
Golian
Department of Animal Sciences, Fecultry of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Hasan
Kermanshahi
Department of Animal Sciences, Fecultry of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
Golamreza
Razmi
2Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The effect of Antioxidant organic sulfur compounds on performance, prooxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) of the Eimeria-infected broiler chickensBACKGROUND: Use of Garlic Powder (GP) and Total Sulfur Amino acid (TSAA) can improve redox status of broiler chickens fed with and infected by Eimeria and recover the negative effects of coccidiosis. OBJECTIVES: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of GP and TSAA on feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and prooxidant–antioxidant balance (PAB) of the chickens challenged with Eimeria oocysts species mix. METHODS: A 2×2×2 split-plot-factorial arrangement of treatments was used. 400 day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were equally assigned to two plots (4 treatments each). Two hundred of the chickens were challenged with Eimeria oocysts species mix by oral inoculation at day 34 (infected plot) and the others were left as unchallenged (uninfected plot). In each plot, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatments and fed one of following diets: basal diet, basal diet plus 0.5% GP, basal diet plus 50% more TSAA based on Ross 2009 recommendations, basal diet plus 0.5 % GP and 50% more TSAA based on Ross 2009 recommendations. RESULTS: The results showed that after inoculation birds with 7.5×102 Eimeria oocysts species mix significantly (p<0.05) reduced the FI to 20% and increased FCR to 14% and also increased serum PAB (p<0.05), especially for infected broilers that were fed with basal diet, however, supplementation of GP and TSAA were better for broiler chickens in infected plot than uninfected plot. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that addition of GP and TSAA to diet may recover the negative effects of coccidiosis and improve the performance and redox of broiler chickens infected by Eimeria.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
323
329
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65131_6651966be544784243abaad7e996ed8a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2018.113969.2215
Differentiation of Infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from Iranian poultry flocks using real-time RT-PCR and high resolution melt curve analysis
Seyed Mostafa
Peighambari
دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
author
Mehdi
Cheraghchibashi
دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی بیماریهای طیور
author
Hossein
Hosseini
استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی- واحد کرج
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious disease of young birds. Differentiation between classical virulent and very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) isolate is very important for the poultry industry to choose the right vaccination program. Molecular and serological tests are time consuming and have variable sensitivity. However, the melting curve analysis is relatively fast method with high precision. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the melting curve analysis for differentiation of some Iranian IBDVs which their identity had been previously determined by RT-PCR/RFLP analysis. METHODS: In this study, after RNA extraction and reverse transcription and Real Time RT- PCR of IBDVs, high melting resolution at temperatures ranging from 81 to 92°C were performed. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed that in the high resolution melting curve analysis, the viruses were classified from A to D. Three vaccine strains of D78, Gumbokal, Bursa CE; IBD L; Bursine 2; and all field viruses were placed in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. High resolution melting curve analysis after normalization also showed all viruses of this study were placed in 4 HRM genotypic group. Three strains, D78, Gumbokal, Bursa CE, produced similar and non-differentiable curve but were different from other vaccine and field strains. Two other vaccine strains, IBD L and Bursine 2, were different from each other and other viruses. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the real-time RT-PCR HRM technique is cost-effective and reliable among the currently used methods and can be used for differentiation of IBDV isolates.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
331
339
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65112_088bebc0f86784f835e6718ce5b3649c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.213385.2514
Effect of infectious bursal disease virus on response of turkeys to infection by avian influenza virus (H9N2)
Farhad
Hashemzade
4Graduated from Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mansouir
Mayahi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ahvaz
author
Abdol Hamid
Shoshtary
2Department of Avian Diseases, Razi Vaccine and serum research institute, Karaj,Iran
author
Masoud Reza
Seyfi Abad Shapouri
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Masoud
Gourbanpoor
Graduated from Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Infection by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in turkeys may lead to immunosuppression effects and therefore turkeys could not resist against pathogenic or less pathogenic agents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to examine the effects of IBDV on response of turkey’s poults to avian influenza virus (AIV).METHODS: A total of 100 day-old poults were divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were infected with 104CID50 of IBDV by oral route at 1 day of age; groups 1 and 3 were infected with 106 EID50 of AIV (H9N2) by the oculo-nasal route at day 30. Poults of group 4 were kept as uninfected control group. All groups were vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. Blood samples via wing web were collected at days 0, 30, 37, 44, 51 and 58 and anti- NDV and anti-AIV serum titers were measured by HI test. At days 33 and 41 three poults of each group were euthanized and their splenic lymphocytes proliferation repose to phytohaemagglutinin was assessed. RESULTS: Influenza clinical signs were prolonged and more intensive in group 1 than group 3. The mean HI titers to NDV were significantly lower in group 1 than group 3, in all sampling times, but anti-AIV titers were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 3 from days 14 AIV (H9N2) post infection. The lymphocyte proliferation assay with PHA did not show any differences between groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: IBDV suppresses immune response in turkey and causes prolonged and more intensive clinical signs after challenge with AIV.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
341
346
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65187_6c26e58e2e2f10e34e104704e19b9d06.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.127985.2322
Anatomical, Histological and Histochemical study of Eustachian tube in the Adult River Buffalo
Sayed Rashid
Hashemi
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University.
author
Farhad
Soltanalinejad
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Uiniversity, Urmia- Iran.
author
Gholamreza
Najafi
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Uiniversity, Urmia- Iran.
author
Rasoul
Shahrooz
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Uiniversity, Urmia- Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: The Eustachian tube is an osteocartilaginous channel connecting the tympanic cavity with the nasopharynx. There is no anatomical and histological research performed on this organ in buffalo. OBJECTIVES: Anatomical and histological study of Eustachian tube in buffalo will be useful for basic knowledge of this organ. METHODS: For this study 8 adult male and female buffalo's head were provided from slaughter house and their Eustachian tube were studied anatomically, then tissue samples were obtained and paraffin sections were prepared for using of staining methods such as H&E (for general study), Verhoff (for elastic fibers), PAS (for carbohydrates) and Masson's Trichrome Stainning Kit (for collagen fibers). RESULTS: Anatomical results showed Eustachian tube was white and funnel- like tube, no curve and structurally supported by cartilage and in both sexes they had the same structure. Histological and Histochemical results showed the epithelium of Eustachian tube in buffalo is pseudostratified ciliated columnar and in some regions of the Eustachian tube epithelium was stratified squamous. In the first portion of Eustachian tube cartilage was elastic and then eustachian tube cartilage was hyaline. The glands of Eustachian tube in buffalo were mucous and non folicular tubal tonsil could be found around the pharyngeal opening with obviously lymphoid tissue. CONCLUSIONS:. The results of this research can be used as the basic anatomical and Histological knowledge in buffalo..
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
347
354
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65086_9acaa5920e27ee045b4e3168bc93cd3d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.132945.2358
The effect of turmeric extract and sodium bentonite on some biochemical parameters in rats contaminated with Aflatoxin B1
afsaneh
rialy
دانشگاه بیرجند
author
هادی
سریر
استادیار گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند
author
محسن
مجتهدی
استادیار گروه علوم دامی دانشکده کشاورزی
author
حسین
ابطحی
استادیار گروه بیوشیمی دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد
author
text
article
2017
per
Background: Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are an important factor in oxidative damage to the kidney and liver. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of turmeric extract and/or sodium bentonite against renal and hepatic damage induced by aflatoxin B1. METHODS: In this experiment that lasted for four weeks 64 male Wistar rats randomly assigned to eight groups containing: control, aflatoxin (AF), turmeric extract (TE), sodium bentonit (SB), TE+SE, AF+TE, AF+SB, AF+(TE+SB). At the end of experiment blood samples were taken from heart and some biochemical analysis has been performed. RESULTS: In the AF group, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and creatinine (P<0.05) significantly increased and uric acid numerically increased (P=0.056) compare to control group. Treatment of AF contaminated group with TE or SB alone remarkably decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, creatinine and uric acid. TE and SB in normal rats had no significant effect on the levels of liver enzyme compare to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present research, it seems that TE and SB alone decrease the harmful effects of Aflatoxin B1 and the combination of them has a potentiating effect.Key words: Aflatoxin B1, Turmeric Extract, Sodium Bentonite, blood parameters, rats
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
355
363
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65085_63ed1d89f2eac6e9dfc0b23cadece821.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.115307.2221
Study of Nitrate content and the effective factors on it in the cucumbers of Jiroft area
hossein
doomary
Department of Food Hygiene & Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran.
author
abolfazl
kamkar
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran.
author
hamid
sharifi
Faculty member, Kerman University of
Medical Sciences,
author
text
article
2017
per
AbstractAbstractBACKGROUND: The vegetables with high amount of Nitrate have a lot of detrimental effects on the human and animal health. The high amount of Nitrate results in some diseases such as Stomach cancer, Leukemia, cancer of the lymphatic nodes or NHL (Non-Hodgkin lymphoma), blue body syndrome, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases in human. Since 80% of Nitrate enters the human body by vegetables the measurement of Nitrate and the investigation of affecting factors on its accumulation in vegetables are of crucial importance especially at areas with high consumption of vegetables. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were monitoring the Nitrate amount in green cucumber and the most effective factors on it. METHODS: Overally, 210 samples were collected and analyzed from different farmlands of Jiroft city during one sowing season. The Nitrate content of the samples was measured by Salicylic acid and spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: The results showed that the average of Nitrate content in the collected samples is 112.12 mg/wet kg and 29 samples (13% out of 210 samples) have Nitrate concentration higher than standard level. Moreover, it was revealed that the factors such as type of planting, irrigation, soil, fertilizer, harvest season, age of sample, temperature, weather, sampling location in the farm, distance between bushes, weeds and farmer financial status have direct influence on the Nitrate content of the green cucumber in Jiroft area. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that different factors are affecting on the Nitrate accumulation in the cucumber and a healthy product with standard Nitrate content can be produced by considering the studied factors in this work.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
365
373
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65087_c9b9f77386f491ca68756996fef4054c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.202970.2446
Effect of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels on some of the characteristics of sperm after freezing bull semen
Hossein
Daghigh Kia
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
Rasteghar
Olfati Karaji
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: Semen cryopreservation process with increased reactive oxygen species levels (ROS) plays a decisive role on the sperm cellular organelles (cell membrane, mitochondria and DNA). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding different levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) antioxidants before freezing on motility, total progressive motility, viability and positive response to hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) parameters after Bull semen was frozen. METHODS: In this study, four bulls aged 4-5 years were used and 20 times the semen collection (5 ejaculates per bull) was performed. SOD (100 and 150 IU/ml) and GSH (5 and 7.5 mM) antioxidants were added to Tris - egg yolk extender. Diluted semen samples with or without additives were manually filled with straw and the free end of the straws were sealed by sealing machines; then, semen were frozen by semi-automatic freezing machine, using liquid nitrogen. After thawing the samples, the total and progressive motility, sperm viability and positive response to the HOST parameters were determined at zero and 2 h of incubation. RESULTS: Adding SOD and GSH antioxidant levels did not reveal significant differences between treatments in any of the semen parameters in the initial hour of incubation after thawing. Two hours incubation of post-thawed semen samples containing SOD (100 IU/ml) significantly improved total motility, viability and membrane integrity of the sperm (p<0.05). Also, in samples containing SOD (150 IU/ml), sperm membrane integrity was maintained (p<0.05). In the semen samples with antioxidant GSH (5 mM), total motility and membrane integrity of the sperm are considerably improved after thawing (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that using SOD and GSH antioxidants as freezing semen extender additives can improve post-thawed bull semen quality.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
377
384
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65247_ad56234e7d9889b6d09422ff143bd36b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.15946.
Blood contamination of pigeons gathering food in FMD involved farms
Taghi
Taghipour-Bazargani
استاد بازنشسته دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران، گروه علوم درمانگاهی.
author
omid
madadgar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ahmad
Vahedi
گروه میکروبیولوژی و ایمنولوژی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2017
per
BACKGROUND: FMD is one of the most important animal health problems in the world and is ranked at the top of the list A of potentially epidemic infectious diseases of livestock (OIE). FMD virus infects a wide range of domestic and wild cloven hooved animals and causes clinical signs. The disease is mild zoonotic and 70 wild mammal species from 20 animal families are susceptible to infection. Also, birds are mentioned as transferring agent of FMD virus in several references. OBJECTIVES: The motivation of this study was due to observation of a significant presence of pigeons in FMD involved farms in the epidemic of serotype O2016 in the first months of 2016. METHODS: After hunting of six pigeons gathering food in FMD involved farms, their blood samples were collected. In the laboratory, FMDV genome was traced by RT-PCR with aphtovirus universal primers and final product was sequenced. RESULTS: The 328 bp band indicating a positive result was observed in electrophoresis of all samples. These results were also confirmed in repeated experiments. Then the RT-PCR products were sequenced in both directions. Alignment and BLAST results indicated more than 97% identity of virus from samples with FMD registered viruses in Genebank, demonstrating the presence of FMD virus genome in the blood of the pigeons. CONCLUSIONS: This result indicates FMD virus genome viremia in the blood of pigeons. It is worth noting that pigeons’ infection is very important because this species is a free flight bird and has the possibility of transmitting the virus over long distances, thereby causing new epidemics. Finally, it is necessary for further studies to investigate the possible presence of clinical signs in the pigeons, the possibility of shedding, routs and virus titers of shedding from any of the possible ways.
Journal of Veterinary Research
The University of Tehran Press
2008-2525
72
v.
3
no.
2017
385
389
https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_65114_6197cee6fff022d094676bb4049129c5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/jvr.2017.222102.2549