University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 81 1 2026 03 21 Comparing the Effects of Injectable Mineral and Vitamin Supplements on Oxidative Stress Indices During the Transition Period in Holstein Cows Comparing the Effects of Injectable Mineral and Vitamin Supplements on Oxidative Stress Indices During the Transition Period in Holstein Cows 31 41 105935 10.22059/jvr.2025.391841.3496 FA Mohammad Asadi Graduated from the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran Reza Kamali Department of Animal Sciences Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran Nader Asadzadeh Scientific Board Member of Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) Iran Journal Article 2025 10 26 BACKGROUND: One of the most important and stressful periods in a dairy cow's life is the transition period (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving). Mineral and vitamin supplements have beneficial effects on controlling the negative effects of oxidative stress during the transition period in dairy cows.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effects of mineral and vitamin supplement injections on oxidative stress indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.<br />METHODS: In this study, 32 cows in late pregnancy were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (no vitamin and mineral supplement injection), treatment group 1, receiving injectable vitamin supplements (A, D₃, E, B₁, B₂, B₃, B₆, B₅, B₁₂ and C), treatment group 2, receiving injectable mineral supplement (calcium, magnesium, copper and phosphorus elements), and treatment group 3, receiving both injectable vitamin and mineral supplements. Injection was performed subcutaneously 28 days before calving. Blood sampling was performed to investigate the effect of mineral and vitamin supplements on inflammatory indices and oxidative stress 21 days before delivery, on the day of calving, and 21 days after delivery.<br />RESULTS: The results showed that the treatment groups showed a significant decrease in beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress index compared to the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). Furthermore, the three treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in the serum antioxidant capacity of dairy cows compared to the control group (<em>P</em>< 0.05). The effect of time on the concentration of NEFA, BHB, ROS, SAC, and OSI in different treatment groups was significant throughout the entire period (<em>P</em><0.05). The interaction effect of group and time on the measured parameters was also significant (<em>P</em><0.05).<br />CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous injection of mineral and vitamin supplements is recommended for dairy cows in the prenatal transition period due to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. BACKGROUND: One of the most important and stressful periods in a dairy cow's life is the transition period (3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving). Mineral and vitamin supplements have beneficial effects on controlling the negative effects of oxidative stress during the transition period in dairy cows.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effects of mineral and vitamin supplement injections on oxidative stress indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.<br />METHODS: In this study, 32 cows in late pregnancy were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (no vitamin and mineral supplement injection), treatment group 1, receiving injectable vitamin supplements (A, D₃, E, B₁, B₂, B₃, B₆, B₅, B₁₂ and C), treatment group 2, receiving injectable mineral supplement (calcium, magnesium, copper and phosphorus elements), and treatment group 3, receiving both injectable vitamin and mineral supplements. Injection was performed subcutaneously 28 days before calving. Blood sampling was performed to investigate the effect of mineral and vitamin supplements on inflammatory indices and oxidative stress 21 days before delivery, on the day of calving, and 21 days after delivery.<br />RESULTS: The results showed that the treatment groups showed a significant decrease in beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress index compared to the control group (<em>P</em><0.05). Furthermore, the three treatment groups demonstrated a significant increase in the serum antioxidant capacity of dairy cows compared to the control group (<em>P</em>< 0.05). The effect of time on the concentration of NEFA, BHB, ROS, SAC, and OSI in different treatment groups was significant throughout the entire period (<em>P</em><0.05). The interaction effect of group and time on the measured parameters was also significant (<em>P</em><0.05).<br />CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous injection of mineral and vitamin supplements is recommended for dairy cows in the prenatal transition period due to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_105935_cbdbefa421a2c3ada99c5f4dbe8fc140.pdf