University of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11884FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Survey on the effect of different egg yolk preparation methods on yolk HI titre.
Design: Experimental study.
Procedure: One hundred eggs and 50 sera were procured from a breeder farm. The eggs were divided into two groups of 50 eggs each and processed with two different methods. In group I, the yolks were individually weighted, mixed with an equal amount of phosphate butfered sal ine (PBS) and extracted with
I
.
chloroform. In group 2, the Samples of 0.3 ml were taken from the yolks centers and processed for chloroform extraction. In both groups, before adding chloroform, a part of each sample was Just mixed with PHS
Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance (ANOY A) and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Mean HI titre of complete yolks, extracted with chloroform, were significantly lower than those of other yolk groups, but there was no significant difference between the titres of serum and yolk groups.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, egg yolk is a
. good substitution for serum in HI test for Newcastle disease and
I either of egg yolk preparation methods, described in this study,
could be used. Since the formation of yolk is as concentric layers in which the titre of antibody could be different, the use of complete yolk is recommended. Moreover, regarding to costs, PHS diluting of yolk is preferred to chloroform extraction.
! J. Fae. Vet. Med. Un;v. Tehran. 57.4: 1-3, 2002.Objective: Survey on the effect of different egg yolk preparation methods on yolk HI titre.
Design: Experimental study.
Procedure: One hundred eggs and 50 sera were procured from a breeder farm. The eggs were divided into two groups of 50 eggs each and processed with two different methods. In group I, the yolks were individually weighted, mixed with an equal amount of phosphate butfered sal ine (PBS) and extracted with
I
.
chloroform. In group 2, the Samples of 0.3 ml were taken from the yolks centers and processed for chloroform extraction. In both groups, before adding chloroform, a part of each sample was Just mixed with PHS
Statistical analysis: Analysis of variance (ANOY A) and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Mean HI titre of complete yolks, extracted with chloroform, were significantly lower than those of other yolk groups, but there was no significant difference between the titres of serum and yolk groups.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, egg yolk is a
. good substitution for serum in HI test for Newcastle disease and
I either of egg yolk preparation methods, described in this study,
could be used. Since the formation of yolk is as concentric layers in which the titre of antibody could be different, the use of complete yolk is recommended. Moreover, regarding to costs, PHS diluting of yolk is preferred to chloroform extraction.
! J. Fae. Vet. Med. Un;v. Tehran. 57.4: 1-3, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11884_523191db67f6a739946e92109a2c9360.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11885FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Study of aflatoxin M1 in commercial ultra-high¬temperature treated milk in Tehran.
Design: Cross - sectional.
Procedure: sixty four samples from UHT treated milk were analyzied for the presence of aflatoxin M 1 by thin layer chromatography.
Statistical analysis: By one -way analysis of variance method.
Results: This study showed that from 64 samples were analyzed, a total of 53 samples (82%) were positive for aflatoxin M1 and 11 (17.4%) were negative. The range of aflatoxin M1 content was 69-387 ng/lit.
Conclusion: contamination rate of aflatoxin M1 in commercial milks is around 82% with amounts ranging 69 to 387 ng/ lit. All contaminated samples had a level of aflatoxin M1 above the european countries standard (50ng/lit). Therefore, the following suggestions are made: -Determined standard complications for atlatoxins limit value in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products - Use of effective methods for treatment of contaminated feed, milk and dairy products. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 5-8, 2002.Objective: Study of aflatoxin M1 in commercial ultra-high¬temperature treated milk in Tehran.
Design: Cross - sectional.
Procedure: sixty four samples from UHT treated milk were analyzied for the presence of aflatoxin M 1 by thin layer chromatography.
Statistical analysis: By one -way analysis of variance method.
Results: This study showed that from 64 samples were analyzed, a total of 53 samples (82%) were positive for aflatoxin M1 and 11 (17.4%) were negative. The range of aflatoxin M1 content was 69-387 ng/lit.
Conclusion: contamination rate of aflatoxin M1 in commercial milks is around 82% with amounts ranging 69 to 387 ng/ lit. All contaminated samples had a level of aflatoxin M1 above the european countries standard (50ng/lit). Therefore, the following suggestions are made: -Determined standard complications for atlatoxins limit value in feed and aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products - Use of effective methods for treatment of contaminated feed, milk and dairy products. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 5-8, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11885_bd15780ba449636f14e44e520ce009e4.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11886FAJournal Article19700101Objective: To survey of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh and smoked fish and ice used in fish markets for retaining the freshness of the fish.
Design: Exploratory study.
Samples for analysis: fresh and smoked cultivated fish.
Procedure: Three hundreds of whole fresh and 40 smoked fish of various types were taken in fish markets and fish farms in Tehran and Gillan province of Iran. One hundred and twenty fish consisting of: rainbow trout (40 samples) as a cold water fish and silver carp (40 samples) and common carp (40 samples) as wann water fish and smoked silver carp (40 samples) came from the area of retail, another 180 fish included: rainbow trout (60 samples), silver carp and common carp (120 samples) were collected over 6 months from the area of delivery in fish trams. Also 120 samples of ice before addition to fish box and 120 ice samples after addition to fish boxes for retaining the freshness of the 120 fish were collected from the area of retail. The total of
340 fish and 240 ice samples were tested for prosence of Listeria
monocytogenes, using the modified Canadian version of U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Listeria isolation method. As the bacterial intestinal flora of fish may reflect the condition of water, fecal samples of the each 180 fish were tested for presence of Listeria monocytogens.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: Incidence of Lisleria monocytogenes in the area of retail
were: 12.5% in rainbow trout, 10% in silver carp, 17.5% in common carp, 2.5% in smoked fish, 2.5% in samples of ice before addition to the fish boxes and 7.5% in samples of ice after addition to the fish boxes respectively. Also the incidence of Listeria monocytoges in the area of delivery in fish farms were: 11.6% in rainbow trout and 8.3% in silver carp and common carp respectively. Of 180 fecal samples tested, 7 samples contained Listeria monocytogenes.
Conclusion: According to the results, the hygienic procedures in fish marketing and consumption such as evisceration of the fish and sufficient cooking respectively, are recommendable. J. Fae. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 9-12, 2002.Objective: To survey of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh and smoked fish and ice used in fish markets for retaining the freshness of the fish.
Design: Exploratory study.
Samples for analysis: fresh and smoked cultivated fish.
Procedure: Three hundreds of whole fresh and 40 smoked fish of various types were taken in fish markets and fish farms in Tehran and Gillan province of Iran. One hundred and twenty fish consisting of: rainbow trout (40 samples) as a cold water fish and silver carp (40 samples) and common carp (40 samples) as wann water fish and smoked silver carp (40 samples) came from the area of retail, another 180 fish included: rainbow trout (60 samples), silver carp and common carp (120 samples) were collected over 6 months from the area of delivery in fish trams. Also 120 samples of ice before addition to fish box and 120 ice samples after addition to fish boxes for retaining the freshness of the 120 fish were collected from the area of retail. The total of
340 fish and 240 ice samples were tested for prosence of Listeria
monocytogenes, using the modified Canadian version of U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Listeria isolation method. As the bacterial intestinal flora of fish may reflect the condition of water, fecal samples of the each 180 fish were tested for presence of Listeria monocytogens.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: Incidence of Lisleria monocytogenes in the area of retail
were: 12.5% in rainbow trout, 10% in silver carp, 17.5% in common carp, 2.5% in smoked fish, 2.5% in samples of ice before addition to the fish boxes and 7.5% in samples of ice after addition to the fish boxes respectively. Also the incidence of Listeria monocytoges in the area of delivery in fish farms were: 11.6% in rainbow trout and 8.3% in silver carp and common carp respectively. Of 180 fecal samples tested, 7 samples contained Listeria monocytogenes.
Conclusion: According to the results, the hygienic procedures in fish marketing and consumption such as evisceration of the fish and sufficient cooking respectively, are recommendable. J. Fae. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 9-12, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11886_a635be80d9bc33b02ca415f929040c35.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11887FAJournal Article19700101Objective: The purpose of this study was to determaine the haemoglobin phenotypes, in respect to kinds and amount of haemoglobin in the adult Iranian sheep from different breeds.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: Two hundered and thirty nine blood samples were obtained from adult Iranian breeds sheep, including Chall breed (64 samples), Sangsary breed (75 samples), Mehraban breed (39 samples) and lei breed (61 samples) from both sexes in two groups from 6-24 mouths.
Procedure: All samples were tested after isolation of red blood cells and washing then numerously. Electrophoresis of the samples were carried, by cellulose acetate method (CAE) pH= 8.6, voltage 400, during 30 minutes and measured by densitometry (LRE medizintechic, Germany) total haemoglobin was measured by cyano methemoglohin metod. Ilcmolysis of all samples were used for electrophoresis and total haemoglobin was measured, as well.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: The results of this study show that the phenotype of Hb in Shall breed, Sangesar breed, Mehraban breed and lei breed are ABC, ABCD, ABC and AC, respectively.
Clinical implications: Since in Sangsary breed only one phenotype of Hb (ABCD) and in lei breed only AC phenotype was proved, determination of originality of these breeds from each other and other breeds is Possible by CAE of Haemoglobin. J. Fac. Vet. Med. univ. Tehran. 57,4: /3-/6,2002.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determaine the haemoglobin phenotypes, in respect to kinds and amount of haemoglobin in the adult Iranian sheep from different breeds.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: Two hundered and thirty nine blood samples were obtained from adult Iranian breeds sheep, including Chall breed (64 samples), Sangsary breed (75 samples), Mehraban breed (39 samples) and lei breed (61 samples) from both sexes in two groups from 6-24 mouths.
Procedure: All samples were tested after isolation of red blood cells and washing then numerously. Electrophoresis of the samples were carried, by cellulose acetate method (CAE) pH= 8.6, voltage 400, during 30 minutes and measured by densitometry (LRE medizintechic, Germany) total haemoglobin was measured by cyano methemoglohin metod. Ilcmolysis of all samples were used for electrophoresis and total haemoglobin was measured, as well.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: The results of this study show that the phenotype of Hb in Shall breed, Sangesar breed, Mehraban breed and lei breed are ABC, ABCD, ABC and AC, respectively.
Clinical implications: Since in Sangsary breed only one phenotype of Hb (ABCD) and in lei breed only AC phenotype was proved, determination of originality of these breeds from each other and other breeds is Possible by CAE of Haemoglobin. J. Fac. Vet. Med. univ. Tehran. 57,4: /3-/6,2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11887_411f3712d953bb89c9989edf9b4f6e7b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11888FAJournal Article19700101Objective: In this survey articular capsuls and their communications and carpal bone ligaments in Azarbaijan Gharbi buffalo were studied.
Design: Exploratory study.
Animals: Ten forelimb of buffalo (five for studying articular capsul and five for studying ligaments).
Procedure: The samples were provided of urmia slaughter house, transported to laboratory immediately. In laboratory, the latex injected into carpal joint, the samples were then, dissected and articular sacs were studied. For studying of carpal ligaments, five buffalo_ carpus were provided and fixed in laboratory immediately. These samples were dissected three days later.
Results: The buffalos carpus joint has three articular sacs. (proximal, middle and distal). Proximal articular sacs communicated to middle articular sac by space between radial carpal bone and intermediate carpal bone. Middle carpal articular sac is communicated to distal articular sac by a duct that is passing ventral border of ulnar carpal bone. Also middle articular sac is communicated to distal articular sac by two ducts. They are passing dorsal and palmar aspect of space between c4 and c2 + 3. Articular sac of joint of accessory carpal bone is communicated to distal articular sac by a narrow duct.
Conclusion: Results of this research showed communication between all carpal articular sacs. These results can be used for injection into carpal joint. By entering needle, between extensor carpi radialis and extensor digitorum communis, proximal and dorsal of accessory carpal bone. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran 57,4: 17-22, 2002.Objective: In this survey articular capsuls and their communications and carpal bone ligaments in Azarbaijan Gharbi buffalo were studied.
Design: Exploratory study.
Animals: Ten forelimb of buffalo (five for studying articular capsul and five for studying ligaments).
Procedure: The samples were provided of urmia slaughter house, transported to laboratory immediately. In laboratory, the latex injected into carpal joint, the samples were then, dissected and articular sacs were studied. For studying of carpal ligaments, five buffalo_ carpus were provided and fixed in laboratory immediately. These samples were dissected three days later.
Results: The buffalos carpus joint has three articular sacs. (proximal, middle and distal). Proximal articular sacs communicated to middle articular sac by space between radial carpal bone and intermediate carpal bone. Middle carpal articular sac is communicated to distal articular sac by a duct that is passing ventral border of ulnar carpal bone. Also middle articular sac is communicated to distal articular sac by two ducts. They are passing dorsal and palmar aspect of space between c4 and c2 + 3. Articular sac of joint of accessory carpal bone is communicated to distal articular sac by a narrow duct.
Conclusion: Results of this research showed communication between all carpal articular sacs. These results can be used for injection into carpal joint. By entering needle, between extensor carpi radialis and extensor digitorum communis, proximal and dorsal of accessory carpal bone. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran 57,4: 17-22, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11888_f34c9488642cff69de940a09d2ec14c7.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11889FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Evaluation of the accuracy of routine meat inspection in the detection of Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle by examination of the hearts approved fit for human consumption.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: The hearts of 160 cattle slaughtered in the slaughter ¬house in Tehran and approved fit for human consumption. Procedure: To examine thoroughly each heart with naked eyes and their stained cross-sections under the microscope for C bovis and pathological changes respectively.
Results: Twenty nine out of 160 hearts examined, (18.5%) harboured alived (2) calcified (3) Chavis or other lesions (24) with unknown origin. The microscopical lesions were mostly granulomatose myocarditis accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Conclusion: Based on the examination of hearts approved fit for human consumption, our finding revealed that routin meat inspection is unable to detect 100% infection with Cysticercus bovis. In slaughtered cattle thus, the real rate of prevalence of this metacestode in Iran is higher than the figures reported by different authors. This could cause some health hazarads. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 23-25, 2002.Objective: Evaluation of the accuracy of routine meat inspection in the detection of Cysticercus bovis in slaughtered cattle by examination of the hearts approved fit for human consumption.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: The hearts of 160 cattle slaughtered in the slaughter ¬house in Tehran and approved fit for human consumption. Procedure: To examine thoroughly each heart with naked eyes and their stained cross-sections under the microscope for C bovis and pathological changes respectively.
Results: Twenty nine out of 160 hearts examined, (18.5%) harboured alived (2) calcified (3) Chavis or other lesions (24) with unknown origin. The microscopical lesions were mostly granulomatose myocarditis accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells.
Conclusion: Based on the examination of hearts approved fit for human consumption, our finding revealed that routin meat inspection is unable to detect 100% infection with Cysticercus bovis. In slaughtered cattle thus, the real rate of prevalence of this metacestode in Iran is higher than the figures reported by different authors. This could cause some health hazarads. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 23-25, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11889_7cca1a89580df7df2cfd4658e1971d6b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11890FAJournal Article19700101https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11890_6428437e51313189a4bd3d35560afd0d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11891FAJournal Article19700101Objective: To study the prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in Acipenser gueldenstaedti, A. nudiventris. and HuSO huso.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: One hundred and two samples of three different sturgeon species of Caspian Sea.
Procedure: Cutting the wall of body cavity and removing viscera including intestine, liver, ovaries, testis and etc to isolate the parasites, fixing the parasites by formal in 10% and the nematodes by ethanol 70%, clearing the nematodes by lactophenol, staining the parasites by acetocarmine and identifying them by parasitic identification keys.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: The prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in A.
gueldenstaedti are as follows: Cucllanus sphaerocephalus (prevalence== 6 I.I I %, mean intensity ==5.98), Eustrongylides excisus (L) (P == 15.28%, i == 2.91), Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus (P==15.28%, i== 2.82), Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus (p==6.94%
i==4.41), Anisakis SP.(L)(P==5.56%, i==1.5), Corynosoma strumosum (p==9.71%, i==9.75). In A. nudiventris five different parasites were collected which the prevalence and mean intensity as follows: Cucullanus sphaerocephalus (prevalence== 75%, mean intensity ==8.75), Skljabinopsolus semiarmatliS (P==68.75% ,i== 47.91), Eustrongylides excisus(L) (P == 31.25%, i == 9.6), Eubothrium acipenserinum (P == 3] .25%, i == 2.8), Lep/orhynchoides plagicephalus (p==6.25% , i==3).
In Huso hliSO. six different parasites were isolated including: Cllcullanus sphaerocephaills (p== 66.67, 1==6.25), Eustrongylides excisus (L) (p==50, 1==109.33), CO/ynosoma strumosum (p==33.33, 1==5.5), Eubothrium acipenserinur (p==33.33, 1==1) ,Anisakis sr. (p==16.67, 1==5) and SkrjabinopsoluS semiarmatus (p==16.67, 1==1).
Conclusion: The parasites of Acipenser gueldenstaedti was similar to A. nudiven/ris and Huso huso which is probably related to their piscivorous feeds. The occurance of parasites which have vertebrated intermediate hosts, such as Eustrongylides excisus (L), COrynosoma strumOSlim and Anisakis SP, in these three sturgeons were more than other sturgeons. The parasites of Acipenser gueldenstaedti and A. nudiventris are reported for the first time from Iran. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 33¬38, 2002.Objective: To study the prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in Acipenser gueldenstaedti, A. nudiventris. and HuSO huso.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: One hundred and two samples of three different sturgeon species of Caspian Sea.
Procedure: Cutting the wall of body cavity and removing viscera including intestine, liver, ovaries, testis and etc to isolate the parasites, fixing the parasites by formal in 10% and the nematodes by ethanol 70%, clearing the nematodes by lactophenol, staining the parasites by acetocarmine and identifying them by parasitic identification keys.
Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.
Results: The prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in A.
gueldenstaedti are as follows: Cucllanus sphaerocephalus (prevalence== 6 I.I I %, mean intensity ==5.98), Eustrongylides excisus (L) (P == 15.28%, i == 2.91), Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus (P==15.28%, i== 2.82), Leptorhynchoides plagicephalus (p==6.94%
i==4.41), Anisakis SP.(L)(P==5.56%, i==1.5), Corynosoma strumosum (p==9.71%, i==9.75). In A. nudiventris five different parasites were collected which the prevalence and mean intensity as follows: Cucullanus sphaerocephalus (prevalence== 75%, mean intensity ==8.75), Skljabinopsolus semiarmatliS (P==68.75% ,i== 47.91), Eustrongylides excisus(L) (P == 31.25%, i == 9.6), Eubothrium acipenserinum (P == 3] .25%, i == 2.8), Lep/orhynchoides plagicephalus (p==6.25% , i==3).
In Huso hliSO. six different parasites were isolated including: Cllcullanus sphaerocephaills (p== 66.67, 1==6.25), Eustrongylides excisus (L) (p==50, 1==109.33), CO/ynosoma strumosum (p==33.33, 1==5.5), Eubothrium acipenserinur (p==33.33, 1==1) ,Anisakis sr. (p==16.67, 1==5) and SkrjabinopsoluS semiarmatus (p==16.67, 1==1).
Conclusion: The parasites of Acipenser gueldenstaedti was similar to A. nudiven/ris and Huso huso which is probably related to their piscivorous feeds. The occurance of parasites which have vertebrated intermediate hosts, such as Eustrongylides excisus (L), COrynosoma strumOSlim and Anisakis SP, in these three sturgeons were more than other sturgeons. The parasites of Acipenser gueldenstaedti and A. nudiventris are reported for the first time from Iran. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 33¬38, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11891_b463d3c9fe689a4d224c2df11842adef.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11892FAJournal Article19700101https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11892_44288d648403f3da7916de30ccd8e9ea.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11893FAJournal Article19700101Objective: In order to determine the decreasing maternal antibody and increasing the active antibodies against IBOV in pullet flocks.
Design: Field trial.
Animals: Fourty comercial pullet flocks, each flocks with more than 10,000 birds from one day to 13 weeks old.
Procedure: Five different vaccination programs (treatment) with two different live and one killed IBD vaccines, were used. Each vaccination group included 10 flocks (replicate) with at least 10000 birds. The birds of group "A" received the live vaccine of
IBD type "a" (078 strain) in drinking water at days 10, 16 and 21
of age. At day 10 of age they were also vaccinated by killed IBD vaccine subcutaneusly. The birds of group "B" received the live vaccine of IBD type "b" (Bur- 706 strain), while the vaccination program was similar with group A. Vaccination program of group C, was similar with group A and program of group D was similar with group B, except they were not used killed IBD vaccine at 10 day old. Vaccination program of group E was
similar with group D and the only difference was that type "b" of live IBD vaccine was also sprayed droplet at one day old. In each replicate 25 blood samples were taken from pullets, weekly from I to 13 weeks old. All the blood samples were tested with KPL ELIAS kits for determining the antibody titer against IBDV.
Statistical analysis: One way ANOV A was performed and when a significant overall effect (P<O.O5) was found, treatment means were compared using the Turkey test.
Results: There is no difference in decreasing maternal antibody between five vaccination methods. When the maternal antibody decreasing to very low level, the vaccine could stimulate the immune system and the active titer was appeared. In those flocks that both killed and live IBD vaccines were used were increase active antibody titer were increased about one week sooner than the others at 5 weeks of age.
Conclusion: The present study shows that the optimal age for the first IBD live vaccination could be when the maternal drive
antibody is 1000 and/or less than 1000 in birds. This means the beneficial time could be 14±3 days of age. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 43-48, 2002.Objective: In order to determine the decreasing maternal antibody and increasing the active antibodies against IBOV in pullet flocks.
Design: Field trial.
Animals: Fourty comercial pullet flocks, each flocks with more than 10,000 birds from one day to 13 weeks old.
Procedure: Five different vaccination programs (treatment) with two different live and one killed IBD vaccines, were used. Each vaccination group included 10 flocks (replicate) with at least 10000 birds. The birds of group "A" received the live vaccine of
IBD type "a" (078 strain) in drinking water at days 10, 16 and 21
of age. At day 10 of age they were also vaccinated by killed IBD vaccine subcutaneusly. The birds of group "B" received the live vaccine of IBD type "b" (Bur- 706 strain), while the vaccination program was similar with group A. Vaccination program of group C, was similar with group A and program of group D was similar with group B, except they were not used killed IBD vaccine at 10 day old. Vaccination program of group E was
similar with group D and the only difference was that type "b" of live IBD vaccine was also sprayed droplet at one day old. In each replicate 25 blood samples were taken from pullets, weekly from I to 13 weeks old. All the blood samples were tested with KPL ELIAS kits for determining the antibody titer against IBDV.
Statistical analysis: One way ANOV A was performed and when a significant overall effect (P<O.O5) was found, treatment means were compared using the Turkey test.
Results: There is no difference in decreasing maternal antibody between five vaccination methods. When the maternal antibody decreasing to very low level, the vaccine could stimulate the immune system and the active titer was appeared. In those flocks that both killed and live IBD vaccines were used were increase active antibody titer were increased about one week sooner than the others at 5 weeks of age.
Conclusion: The present study shows that the optimal age for the first IBD live vaccination could be when the maternal drive
antibody is 1000 and/or less than 1000 in birds. This means the beneficial time could be 14±3 days of age. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 43-48, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11893_9cafd9751786289b7d90f3f2c56272a8.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11894FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Identification of causative agent of haemorrhage and fever in this case.
Design: Case study.
Animals: A holstein cow aged 4 years from a dairy herd, Fashafuae - Tehran.
Procedure: After taking history, the cow was clinically examined and by a standard kit and the concentration of macrocyclic trichothecenes was measured in her serum. The cow was slaughtered and samples of here liver, spleen, lymph nodes and small intestine were histopathologically studied.
Results: On the basis of the occurrence of haemorrhages in
mammary gland subcutis, anterior chamber of the eyes and GI
system as well as failure of blood sample to clot and the presence of plenty of thrombi in different tissues, it was clear that the cow was suffering from haemorrhagic syndrome. In addition to extensive haemorrhages and necrosis in small intestine mucous membrane, liver and spleen as well as septic emboli and abundant infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver sinusoids could explain the severe pyrexia of the cow. In the mean while the serum sample test revealed that the titre of macrocycl ic trichothecenes was 15 times that of control serum.
Conclusion: Considering clinical, laboratory and histopathologic findings beside the occurrence of the disease in January and yet consumption of infected corn silage, the disease was, certainly, stachybotryotoxicosis. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 49-53, 2002Objective: Identification of causative agent of haemorrhage and fever in this case.
Design: Case study.
Animals: A holstein cow aged 4 years from a dairy herd, Fashafuae - Tehran.
Procedure: After taking history, the cow was clinically examined and by a standard kit and the concentration of macrocyclic trichothecenes was measured in her serum. The cow was slaughtered and samples of here liver, spleen, lymph nodes and small intestine were histopathologically studied.
Results: On the basis of the occurrence of haemorrhages in
mammary gland subcutis, anterior chamber of the eyes and GI
system as well as failure of blood sample to clot and the presence of plenty of thrombi in different tissues, it was clear that the cow was suffering from haemorrhagic syndrome. In addition to extensive haemorrhages and necrosis in small intestine mucous membrane, liver and spleen as well as septic emboli and abundant infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver sinusoids could explain the severe pyrexia of the cow. In the mean while the serum sample test revealed that the titre of macrocycl ic trichothecenes was 15 times that of control serum.
Conclusion: Considering clinical, laboratory and histopathologic findings beside the occurrence of the disease in January and yet consumption of infected corn silage, the disease was, certainly, stachybotryotoxicosis. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 49-53, 2002https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11894_79f8abc1a6bdfb35a77fb3ee71db3c14.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11895FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Histopathological study of gastric lesions in dog due to GLOs.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: Nineteen dogs, nine female and 10 males.
Procedure: Tissue samples of gastric tissue of dogs were tested for microbiological and histopathological studies (H&E staining method and biochemical tests such as catalase and urease test). Statistical analysis: Descriptive study.
Results: In 11 cases gastritis were seen: 3 cases(l6%) with chronic superficial gastritis, 1 case(5.25%) with chronic diffuse gastritis, 2 cases (10.5%) with follicular gastritis and 5 cases (26.25%) with acute gastritis.In all 11 cases both in direct examination and tissue smears, GLOs were found and also urease test was positive.
Clinical implications: There was direct correlation between production and severity of the lesions with age ratio. There was no gastric lesions diagnosed bellow 2 months old but between 2 to 4 months old, 60%and > 4months old, 71 % of cases were involved with gastritis. Also severity of lesions had a direct correlation with the number of bacteria. Finally, the recommended method for diagnosis is urease test, histopathology and direct examination of tissue smears with Geimsa staining. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 55-57, 2002.Objective: Histopathological study of gastric lesions in dog due to GLOs.
Design: Descriptive study.
Animals: Nineteen dogs, nine female and 10 males.
Procedure: Tissue samples of gastric tissue of dogs were tested for microbiological and histopathological studies (H&E staining method and biochemical tests such as catalase and urease test). Statistical analysis: Descriptive study.
Results: In 11 cases gastritis were seen: 3 cases(l6%) with chronic superficial gastritis, 1 case(5.25%) with chronic diffuse gastritis, 2 cases (10.5%) with follicular gastritis and 5 cases (26.25%) with acute gastritis.In all 11 cases both in direct examination and tissue smears, GLOs were found and also urease test was positive.
Clinical implications: There was direct correlation between production and severity of the lesions with age ratio. There was no gastric lesions diagnosed bellow 2 months old but between 2 to 4 months old, 60%and > 4months old, 71 % of cases were involved with gastritis. Also severity of lesions had a direct correlation with the number of bacteria. Finally, the recommended method for diagnosis is urease test, histopathology and direct examination of tissue smears with Geimsa staining. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 55-57, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11895_2eb777a1b1dcf8d4b60b25153066fe74.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11896FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Investigation on the epidemiology of filariosis due to different filariae that their microfilaria can be found in blood circulation of rural and urban dog ofTabriz.
Design: Cross sectional study.
Animals: Three hundred and fifty five dogs including 198 rural dogs and 159 shep dogs.
Procedure: One mililiter of blood sample was taken and mixed with 9 ml of 2% formaldehyde. After centrifugation in 3000 rpm the sediment was examined microscopicaIly for microfilriae. Statistical analysis: Ch2 and ficsher exact test were used.
Results: Using differential keys for diagniosis of microfilariae, it was found that 48 dogs (13. 44%) harbored either D. immitis or D. reconditum or both of them in their blood. Out of 48 dogs 30 (8.4%) were infected with D.immitis 17 (4.76%) with D.reconditum and 1 with both microfilariae. The ratio between the infection with D. immitis in urban and rural dogs was 4: I (12.6% vs. 3.14%) in contrast to D. reconditllm infection (1.8% vs. 2%) Both were statistically significant (P< O. 0 I and P< 0.05). The rate of infection increased with age and dogs older than 9 year of age were among the highly infected dogs (P< O. 001) with D. immitis (66.7%). There was also a relation between sex and D. immitis infection in urban dog. D.immitis was more prevalent among the male dogs (P< 0.00 I). It was also found that there is a relation between environmental conditions and the infection. The rate of infection with D. immitis was higher than the 3 other regions (P< O. OOI).Although there was a significant relation between race and infection with D. immitis (P< 0.0 I) and native dogs were among the highly infected dogs, but it seems that this factor may be affected by different factors, thus cannot be the regarded as a valid parameter. D. immitis was
coIlected from foxes, wolves and jackals from suburban area of Tabriz. No microfilariae was detected in 2192 mosquitoes.
Clinical implications: Our finding revealed that dogs of Tabriz
either urban or rural, harboured microfilariae of D. immitis and D. reconditllm in their circulating blood. Ecological factors such a humidity, more movemet of sheep dog, the suitable conditions of urban areas for breeding of mosquitoes and that of rural region for tick, caused the more prevalence of D. immitis in urban dogs and D. reconditllln in rural dogs. Again the coIlecton of D. immitis from wild carnivores around Tabriz revealed that this region in one of the endemic areas of Iran was infected with filarial infections, especiaIly D. immitis thus a control program must be carried out for controling mosquitoes intermediate host as well as heartworm disease. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 59-63, 2002.Objective: Investigation on the epidemiology of filariosis due to different filariae that their microfilaria can be found in blood circulation of rural and urban dog ofTabriz.
Design: Cross sectional study.
Animals: Three hundred and fifty five dogs including 198 rural dogs and 159 shep dogs.
Procedure: One mililiter of blood sample was taken and mixed with 9 ml of 2% formaldehyde. After centrifugation in 3000 rpm the sediment was examined microscopicaIly for microfilriae. Statistical analysis: Ch2 and ficsher exact test were used.
Results: Using differential keys for diagniosis of microfilariae, it was found that 48 dogs (13. 44%) harbored either D. immitis or D. reconditum or both of them in their blood. Out of 48 dogs 30 (8.4%) were infected with D.immitis 17 (4.76%) with D.reconditum and 1 with both microfilariae. The ratio between the infection with D. immitis in urban and rural dogs was 4: I (12.6% vs. 3.14%) in contrast to D. reconditllm infection (1.8% vs. 2%) Both were statistically significant (P< O. 0 I and P< 0.05). The rate of infection increased with age and dogs older than 9 year of age were among the highly infected dogs (P< O. 001) with D. immitis (66.7%). There was also a relation between sex and D. immitis infection in urban dog. D.immitis was more prevalent among the male dogs (P< 0.00 I). It was also found that there is a relation between environmental conditions and the infection. The rate of infection with D. immitis was higher than the 3 other regions (P< O. OOI).Although there was a significant relation between race and infection with D. immitis (P< 0.0 I) and native dogs were among the highly infected dogs, but it seems that this factor may be affected by different factors, thus cannot be the regarded as a valid parameter. D. immitis was
coIlected from foxes, wolves and jackals from suburban area of Tabriz. No microfilariae was detected in 2192 mosquitoes.
Clinical implications: Our finding revealed that dogs of Tabriz
either urban or rural, harboured microfilariae of D. immitis and D. reconditllm in their circulating blood. Ecological factors such a humidity, more movemet of sheep dog, the suitable conditions of urban areas for breeding of mosquitoes and that of rural region for tick, caused the more prevalence of D. immitis in urban dogs and D. reconditllln in rural dogs. Again the coIlecton of D. immitis from wild carnivores around Tabriz revealed that this region in one of the endemic areas of Iran was infected with filarial infections, especiaIly D. immitis thus a control program must be carried out for controling mosquitoes intermediate host as well as heartworm disease. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 59-63, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11896_069655902956d94caf851dcd1af71d52.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11897FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Evaluation of antirabies Ab titre in different time after vaccination and number of received dose in pet dogs and compare with nonvaccinated and stray dogs in Urmia.
Design: Cohort study by retrospective method.
Animals: Pet and stray dogs.
Procedure: Taking of blood, serum isolation and measurment of Ab titre by ELISA method in 3 groups of dogs (vaccinated, nonvaccinated pet dogs and stray dogs), determinig of mean titre in each group and compare with others by statistic tests.
Statistical analysis: Using ANOV A, t-test and Duncan's test.
Results: Out of 60 sera from vaccinated dogs, 49 cases (81.6%) had protective Ab titres between 0.5 to 2.40 VI/ml, but nonvaccinated pet dogs and stray dogs didn't show the valuable titre of Ab. The highest titre of Ab obtained in dogs was 2.40 UL/ml, with frequency of 6 samples, which have received 3 doses of rabies vaccines.
Clinical implications: The present study of Ab levels in vaccinated dogs indicated that a single injection dose of rabies vaccine often failed to result adequate protective Ab titre, and did not produce a lasting Ab titre in a significant group of dogs: It is suggested that in rabies endemic regions, dogs should be vaccinated from 3 months of age. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 65-68, 2002.Objective: Evaluation of antirabies Ab titre in different time after vaccination and number of received dose in pet dogs and compare with nonvaccinated and stray dogs in Urmia.
Design: Cohort study by retrospective method.
Animals: Pet and stray dogs.
Procedure: Taking of blood, serum isolation and measurment of Ab titre by ELISA method in 3 groups of dogs (vaccinated, nonvaccinated pet dogs and stray dogs), determinig of mean titre in each group and compare with others by statistic tests.
Statistical analysis: Using ANOV A, t-test and Duncan's test.
Results: Out of 60 sera from vaccinated dogs, 49 cases (81.6%) had protective Ab titres between 0.5 to 2.40 VI/ml, but nonvaccinated pet dogs and stray dogs didn't show the valuable titre of Ab. The highest titre of Ab obtained in dogs was 2.40 UL/ml, with frequency of 6 samples, which have received 3 doses of rabies vaccines.
Clinical implications: The present study of Ab levels in vaccinated dogs indicated that a single injection dose of rabies vaccine often failed to result adequate protective Ab titre, and did not produce a lasting Ab titre in a significant group of dogs: It is suggested that in rabies endemic regions, dogs should be vaccinated from 3 months of age. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57,4: 65-68, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11897_8effff03f7700f0c292b0fa62874c3ce.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11898FAJournal Article19700101Objective: To determine the concentrations of serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in cows with milk fever in Shahrekord district.
Design: Field study.
Animals: Seventy parturient dairy cattle.
Procedure: Blood samples were taken from jugular vein of 35 parturient dairy cattle, that suffer from milk fever (before treatment), and the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured and then compared with control values of 35 healthy parturient cattle in shahrekord.
Statistical analysis: Data's were studied statistically by Student's "t" test at the level of P<0.05 by SPSS program.
Results: Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were moderately (7.68±0.53) and highly (2.51±1.44) lower respectively, and magnesium concentration (2.84±0.40) was significantly higher than control values. (P<0.05).
Clinical implications: It is concluded that, hypophosphatemia is a major cause of prolonged sternal recumbency and poor response to routine therapy for milk fever in this area. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 69-71, 2002.Objective: To determine the concentrations of serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in cows with milk fever in Shahrekord district.
Design: Field study.
Animals: Seventy parturient dairy cattle.
Procedure: Blood samples were taken from jugular vein of 35 parturient dairy cattle, that suffer from milk fever (before treatment), and the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were measured and then compared with control values of 35 healthy parturient cattle in shahrekord.
Statistical analysis: Data's were studied statistically by Student's "t" test at the level of P<0.05 by SPSS program.
Results: Serum levels of calcium and phosphorus were moderately (7.68±0.53) and highly (2.51±1.44) lower respectively, and magnesium concentration (2.84±0.40) was significantly higher than control values. (P<0.05).
Clinical implications: It is concluded that, hypophosphatemia is a major cause of prolonged sternal recumbency and poor response to routine therapy for milk fever in this area. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 69-71, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11898_c2461fe975e1ae9fbf5bf0b5a44a16a3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11899FAJournal Article19700101https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11899_217d8c7caa79f033688e471c5cd8c48f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11900FAJournal Article19700101Objective: Identification of bacterial agent of a severe pyometra of a queen.
Design: Case study.
Animals: A 16-year-old mixed Persian queen.
Procedure: The queen was referred to one of the small animal clinics in Tabriz-lran, May 1998 .On the basis of history, the disease has been noticed 2 years ago with intermittent vomiting, loss of appetite and gradual enlargement of abdomen.Blood samples were taken for CBC and the specimens were taken from the uterus contents aseptically before and after necropsy and cultured for bacteria. Euthanasia was recommended because of old age, poor body condition, advanced pyometra and poor response to treatment and surgery. For further investigations necropsy was performed.
Results: Clinical examinations revealed the following symptoms: pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, lusterless coating, cachexia, severe enlarged abdomen with palpable uterine enlargmcnt. The leukogram indicated neutrophilia and shift to the left At necropsy, severe cachexia and closed-cervix,extremely distended utcrus with congestion of perimetrium and copious amount of yellowish brown, relatively thick puss with putrefied odor in uterus were observed. The thickness of uterus wall was increased and surface of
endometrium was hyperplastic. Pure Pasteurella multocida was isolated from uterus contents culture.
Clinical implications: There is no report of isolation of P. multocida from pyometra of queen in Iran. These findings indicated that culture of uterus contents for isolation of bacterial agents of pyometra in cat should be made. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 77-79, 2002.Objective: Identification of bacterial agent of a severe pyometra of a queen.
Design: Case study.
Animals: A 16-year-old mixed Persian queen.
Procedure: The queen was referred to one of the small animal clinics in Tabriz-lran, May 1998 .On the basis of history, the disease has been noticed 2 years ago with intermittent vomiting, loss of appetite and gradual enlargement of abdomen.Blood samples were taken for CBC and the specimens were taken from the uterus contents aseptically before and after necropsy and cultured for bacteria. Euthanasia was recommended because of old age, poor body condition, advanced pyometra and poor response to treatment and surgery. For further investigations necropsy was performed.
Results: Clinical examinations revealed the following symptoms: pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea, lusterless coating, cachexia, severe enlarged abdomen with palpable uterine enlargmcnt. The leukogram indicated neutrophilia and shift to the left At necropsy, severe cachexia and closed-cervix,extremely distended utcrus with congestion of perimetrium and copious amount of yellowish brown, relatively thick puss with putrefied odor in uterus were observed. The thickness of uterus wall was increased and surface of
endometrium was hyperplastic. Pure Pasteurella multocida was isolated from uterus contents culture.
Clinical implications: There is no report of isolation of P. multocida from pyometra of queen in Iran. These findings indicated that culture of uterus contents for isolation of bacterial agents of pyometra in cat should be made. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 77-79, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11900_8b8a04270b1f59a4d3ba39e678f1f452.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11901FAJournal Article19700101Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of some plant essential oils on E.coli and Saureus.
Design: Interventional study and obtain the effective concentration of each essential oils.
Materials: Essential oils of Pennyroyal (Mentha pullegium), Peppermint (Mentha piperUa), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Caraway seed (Carum catVi) and Thyme (Thymus volgaris). E.coli k12: Department of microbiology university of Bristol. S.aureus RTcc 1907: Razi Institute.
Procedure: 1- Induce the varius concentration of each essential oils in broth medium. 2- In tradition of 106 bacterial of medium. 3- Incubate over night at 37 °c. 4- Check the tubes for growth of bacteria. 5- Subculture in agar medium and incubate over night at 37°c. 6- Check the plate for bacterial colonies.
Results: The results showed that the volatile oils of the thyme was the most effective oil, thus the MIC and MBC of this oil on
E.coli were 0.1%, 0.15% and on Saureus were 0.05%, 0.1% respectively. The oils of peppermint, pennyroyal and caraway seed had moderate effect while the volatile oils of Tarragon had the minimum effect on tested-bacteria.
Implication: As the results showed, all of the essential oils have antimicrobial activity, thus it is possible that use these oils as a natural flavouring and preservative in foods. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 81-83, 2002.Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of some plant essential oils on E.coli and Saureus.
Design: Interventional study and obtain the effective concentration of each essential oils.
Materials: Essential oils of Pennyroyal (Mentha pullegium), Peppermint (Mentha piperUa), Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), Caraway seed (Carum catVi) and Thyme (Thymus volgaris). E.coli k12: Department of microbiology university of Bristol. S.aureus RTcc 1907: Razi Institute.
Procedure: 1- Induce the varius concentration of each essential oils in broth medium. 2- In tradition of 106 bacterial of medium. 3- Incubate over night at 37 °c. 4- Check the tubes for growth of bacteria. 5- Subculture in agar medium and incubate over night at 37°c. 6- Check the plate for bacterial colonies.
Results: The results showed that the volatile oils of the thyme was the most effective oil, thus the MIC and MBC of this oil on
E.coli were 0.1%, 0.15% and on Saureus were 0.05%, 0.1% respectively. The oils of peppermint, pennyroyal and caraway seed had moderate effect while the volatile oils of Tarragon had the minimum effect on tested-bacteria.
Implication: As the results showed, all of the essential oils have antimicrobial activity, thus it is possible that use these oils as a natural flavouring and preservative in foods. J. Fac. Vet. Med Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 81-83, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11901_b405edc90b45f1f91444a03e9f6944ae.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11902FAJournal Article19700101‘Objective: In this research the total productivity factors of broiler breeder farms in Tehran province were studied.
Design: Log-linear regression model.
Animals: Total number of the broiler breeder farms in Tehran province was 50 units with total capacity of 3, 538, 000 birds, which representing 33% of total capacity of the country.
Procedure: In this study all broiler breeder farms in Tehran province were analyzed and inputs data such as: Capital, intermediate factors, labor, feed balance, hardness of water, bacterial count of water, type of building, direction of building, altitude, holding density, type of management and capacity of the farms were investigated. One of the farms with the biggest capacity was chosen as base and other units were compared with it.
Statistical analysis: Slope of linear regression equation.
Results: The results indicated that productivity of 64% of the farms was lower than 1 and productivity of 36% was I or more. The results showed that the expperience of labor had a positive effect on farm productivity, by increasing 1%, caused 0.9% increase in total productivity of the farms (P<0.0l). The increase in the ratio of present capacity to potential capacity of the farms resulted in a positive effect on the total productivity, in which an increment of 1%, caused 0.29% increase in total productivity (P<0.0 1). The effect of microbial count of drinking water on the productivity of farms was also studied. Increase in microbial number caused a decrease in the total productivity of farms. Increasing of 1% in microbial count caused 0.01% decrease in total productivity (P<0.Ol). Simultaneous feeding of hens and cocks had a positive effect on the productivity. By increasing 1% a 0.2 1% improvement in the productivity of farms was observed
(P<0.03).
Conclusion: Factors such as feed balance, type of buildings, direction of building, altitude of farm from sea level, holding density, management type and farm capacity were not shown to have significant effect on total productivity of forms. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 85-90, 2002.‘Objective: In this research the total productivity factors of broiler breeder farms in Tehran province were studied.
Design: Log-linear regression model.
Animals: Total number of the broiler breeder farms in Tehran province was 50 units with total capacity of 3, 538, 000 birds, which representing 33% of total capacity of the country.
Procedure: In this study all broiler breeder farms in Tehran province were analyzed and inputs data such as: Capital, intermediate factors, labor, feed balance, hardness of water, bacterial count of water, type of building, direction of building, altitude, holding density, type of management and capacity of the farms were investigated. One of the farms with the biggest capacity was chosen as base and other units were compared with it.
Statistical analysis: Slope of linear regression equation.
Results: The results indicated that productivity of 64% of the farms was lower than 1 and productivity of 36% was I or more. The results showed that the expperience of labor had a positive effect on farm productivity, by increasing 1%, caused 0.9% increase in total productivity of the farms (P<0.0l). The increase in the ratio of present capacity to potential capacity of the farms resulted in a positive effect on the total productivity, in which an increment of 1%, caused 0.29% increase in total productivity (P<0.0 1). The effect of microbial count of drinking water on the productivity of farms was also studied. Increase in microbial number caused a decrease in the total productivity of farms. Increasing of 1% in microbial count caused 0.01% decrease in total productivity (P<0.Ol). Simultaneous feeding of hens and cocks had a positive effect on the productivity. By increasing 1% a 0.2 1% improvement in the productivity of farms was observed
(P<0.03).
Conclusion: Factors such as feed balance, type of buildings, direction of building, altitude of farm from sea level, holding density, management type and farm capacity were not shown to have significant effect on total productivity of forms. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Univ. Tehran. 57, 4: 85-90, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11902_a8f734a7e0a450d7ee3bbf02e0c649d3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252557420030121--11903FAJournal Article19700101Objective: I) To compare two methods, CMT (California mastitis test) and ECT (Electrical Conductivity Test) for detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. 2) To survey the prescence of subclinical mastitis in some dairy cows in Garmsar. Design: Population screening survey.
Animals: one hundred fourteen cows.
Procedures: Evaluation of milk samples from 455 quarters of dairy cows by MAS-D-TEC device to measure the electrical conductivity graded 0 to 9, comparing the same samples with the evaluation of CMT graded negative, T (Trace), +1, +2 and +3. Preparation of milk samples in aseptic manner and sending them to the bacteriology Lab. Statistical analysis: Chi square test.
Results: Of total samples sent for bacteriology, 69.54% were positive which have been of ECT grades 25 whereas all grades of CMT have bacteriologicaly shown positive results. The most consistency (90.3%) was observed between the grade 9 of ECT and +3 of CMT.
Conclusion: It seems that. ECT measured by MAS-D-TEC device can be a proper substitution f()r the old method, CMT to screen
subclinical mastitis due to its rapidity, ease of application together with capability to interpret the results (specially in the grades 27 of this device)../. Fac, Vet. Med. Univ, Tehran. 57, 4: 9/-96, 2002.Objective: I) To compare two methods, CMT (California mastitis test) and ECT (Electrical Conductivity Test) for detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. 2) To survey the prescence of subclinical mastitis in some dairy cows in Garmsar. Design: Population screening survey.
Animals: one hundred fourteen cows.
Procedures: Evaluation of milk samples from 455 quarters of dairy cows by MAS-D-TEC device to measure the electrical conductivity graded 0 to 9, comparing the same samples with the evaluation of CMT graded negative, T (Trace), +1, +2 and +3. Preparation of milk samples in aseptic manner and sending them to the bacteriology Lab. Statistical analysis: Chi square test.
Results: Of total samples sent for bacteriology, 69.54% were positive which have been of ECT grades 25 whereas all grades of CMT have bacteriologicaly shown positive results. The most consistency (90.3%) was observed between the grade 9 of ECT and +3 of CMT.
Conclusion: It seems that. ECT measured by MAS-D-TEC device can be a proper substitution f()r the old method, CMT to screen
subclinical mastitis due to its rapidity, ease of application together with capability to interpret the results (specially in the grades 27 of this device)../. Fac, Vet. Med. Univ, Tehran. 57, 4: 9/-96, 2002.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_11903_5f343dea232a94f63113643fa0160aae.pdf