University of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Effects of Feeding Different Levels of Poultry Litter in the Form of Pellet and Mesh on the Performance and Some Blood Metabolites in Male Afshari Lambs: An Experimental StudyEffects of Feeding Different Levels of Poultry Litter in the Form of Pellet and Mesh on the Performance and Some Blood Metabolites in Male Afshari Lambs: An Experimental Study1171279836810.22059/jvr.2024.369766.3410FAMohammadRezaeianDepartment of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDariushNaeimiGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed AhmadMadaniDepartment of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240423BACKGROUND: Poultry litter contains different nutrients, including protein and minerals, which can be used in ruminant nutrition.<br />OBJECTIVES: This experiment was done to study the effects of feeding different levels of poultry litter (PL) in the form of pellet and mesh in the diet on the performance and blood metabolites of Afshari lambs.<br />METHODS: A total of 54 Afshari lambs with an initial mean body weight of 25 ± 5 kg were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates (3 lambs per replicate) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Treatment groups were fed diets of 53% forage and 47% concentrate for 14 weeks. Concentrates were prepared with 0%, 5%, and 10% of PL in the form of mesh (M0, M5, and M10) or pellet (P0, P5, and P10) on diet dry matter basis. Feed intake was measured daily, and lambs were weighted at 2-week intervals. Blood samples were taken from each lamb at 0, 28, 56, and 84 days of the experiment to measure its total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), copper, and molybdenum concentration.<br />RESULTS: Using different levels of poultry litter in both mesh and pelleted form had no significant effect on average daily gain and dry matter intake at different stages and during the whole experimental period. Daily dry matter intake was higher (<em>P</em><0.05) for treatment groups fed M form of PL than for the mean of P form during the whole experimental period. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) higher in lambs fed M form of PL compared with P form. Increasing levels of PL resulted in increased blood copper in both M and P treatment groups at all stages of the experiment. Blood concentration of molybdenum was similar among treatments during the entire experiment. The differences in the form of diet had no significant effects on blood concentration of copper, molybdenum, TP, and BUN.<br />CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that both mesh and pellet forms of poultry litter could be replaced with other sources of protein up to 10% in the diets of Afshari lambs without any adverse effects on performance.BACKGROUND: Poultry litter contains different nutrients, including protein and minerals, which can be used in ruminant nutrition.<br />OBJECTIVES: This experiment was done to study the effects of feeding different levels of poultry litter (PL) in the form of pellet and mesh in the diet on the performance and blood metabolites of Afshari lambs.<br />METHODS: A total of 54 Afshari lambs with an initial mean body weight of 25 ± 5 kg were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates (3 lambs per replicate) in a 2 × 3 factorial design. Treatment groups were fed diets of 53% forage and 47% concentrate for 14 weeks. Concentrates were prepared with 0%, 5%, and 10% of PL in the form of mesh (M0, M5, and M10) or pellet (P0, P5, and P10) on diet dry matter basis. Feed intake was measured daily, and lambs were weighted at 2-week intervals. Blood samples were taken from each lamb at 0, 28, 56, and 84 days of the experiment to measure its total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), copper, and molybdenum concentration.<br />RESULTS: Using different levels of poultry litter in both mesh and pelleted form had no significant effect on average daily gain and dry matter intake at different stages and during the whole experimental period. Daily dry matter intake was higher (<em>P</em><0.05) for treatment groups fed M form of PL than for the mean of P form during the whole experimental period. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (<em>P</em><0.05) higher in lambs fed M form of PL compared with P form. Increasing levels of PL resulted in increased blood copper in both M and P treatment groups at all stages of the experiment. Blood concentration of molybdenum was similar among treatments during the entire experiment. The differences in the form of diet had no significant effects on blood concentration of copper, molybdenum, TP, and BUN.<br />CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that both mesh and pellet forms of poultry litter could be replaced with other sources of protein up to 10% in the diets of Afshari lambs without any adverse effects on performance.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98368_02ff248608bdde90c49ec673c3e868af.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Morphological Assessment of the Normal Stifle Joint in Persian Cats Based on the Computed Tomography ImagesMorphological Assessment of the Normal Stifle Joint in Persian Cats Based on the Computed Tomography Images1291439826310.22059/jvr.2024.374099.3425FAZahraHaghighatGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, IranSiamakAlizadehDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Naghadeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naghadeh, IranMohammad RezaHosseinchi GharehaghajiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, IranJournal Article20240409BACKGROUND: One of the most practical and accurate diagnostic imaging methods is computed tomography (CT) scan, which can be used to examine bones and joints in small animals.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology, morphometry, and anatomy of the stifle joint of the Persian cat based on the CT images.<br />METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined 10 clinically healthy adult Persian cats (5 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 2.4 years and a mean weight of 4.7 kg. To prepare CT images, the anesthetized Persian cat put on the CT scanner plate in a dorsoventral position. While the hind limbs of the cat were fully extended and kept towards the back, the sagittal, transverse and dorsal scans were taken at 2-mm intervals from the distal third of the femur to the proximal third of the tibia in the lateral and anterior posterior planes.<br />RESULTS: Based on the results, the CT method can help identify most of the anatomical structures of the stifle joint without the use of contrast material. The bones were white due to their high density, medullary cavity were dark, and muscles and tendons were visible in different gray scales on the CT images. The posterior cruciate ligament, the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral meniscus, and the posterior end of the medial meniscus were well identifiable in the sagittal reconstruction. Collateral ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament, and the middle part of the menisci were better seen in the dorsal plane. The only anatomical structure that was not identified in the multiplanar reconstructions was the anterior end of the medial meniscus. The medial and lateral parts of fabella were clearly visible under the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscles. Bony structures and infrapatellar fat pad could also be identified on the CT images.<br />CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical structure of the stifle joint of the Persian cats is similar to that of house cats. The CT images can be used for teaching anatomy, interpretation of CT scan images, and diagnosis of musculoskeletal complications and treatment of Persian cats.BACKGROUND: One of the most practical and accurate diagnostic imaging methods is computed tomography (CT) scan, which can be used to examine bones and joints in small animals.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology, morphometry, and anatomy of the stifle joint of the Persian cat based on the CT images.<br />METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study examined 10 clinically healthy adult Persian cats (5 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 2.4 years and a mean weight of 4.7 kg. To prepare CT images, the anesthetized Persian cat put on the CT scanner plate in a dorsoventral position. While the hind limbs of the cat were fully extended and kept towards the back, the sagittal, transverse and dorsal scans were taken at 2-mm intervals from the distal third of the femur to the proximal third of the tibia in the lateral and anterior posterior planes.<br />RESULTS: Based on the results, the CT method can help identify most of the anatomical structures of the stifle joint without the use of contrast material. The bones were white due to their high density, medullary cavity were dark, and muscles and tendons were visible in different gray scales on the CT images. The posterior cruciate ligament, the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral meniscus, and the posterior end of the medial meniscus were well identifiable in the sagittal reconstruction. Collateral ligaments, anterior cruciate ligament, and the middle part of the menisci were better seen in the dorsal plane. The only anatomical structure that was not identified in the multiplanar reconstructions was the anterior end of the medial meniscus. The medial and lateral parts of fabella were clearly visible under the tendons of the gastrocnemius muscles. Bony structures and infrapatellar fat pad could also be identified on the CT images.<br />CONCLUSIONS: The anatomical structure of the stifle joint of the Persian cats is similar to that of house cats. The CT images can be used for teaching anatomy, interpretation of CT scan images, and diagnosis of musculoskeletal complications and treatment of Persian cats.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98263_b28bb621bba65cb9f1890a4c5084800b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Preparing Decellularized Scaffolds from Ovine Peripheral Nerves and Evaluating their Histological Features and Mechanical Properties for Use in Peripheral Nerve RepairPreparing Decellularized Scaffolds from Ovine Peripheral Nerves and Evaluating their Histological Features and Mechanical Properties for Use in Peripheral Nerve Repair1451569843210.22059/jvr.2023.361946.3366FASomayehMahmoudi YeganehGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJavadSadeghinezhadDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSirousSadeghian ChaleshtoriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMir SepehrPedramDepartment of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAliBayat KhomejiniGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranNedaSabetzadehInstitute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240423BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injuries often require surgical intervention to repair nerves. Autologous nerve grafting is a standard method for the repair of peripheral nerves. However, autologous nerve grafts have limitations such as restricted availability. Thus, the development of alternative strategies to address nerve defects is essential.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop and prepare decellularized nerve scaffolds from ovine peripheral nerves and evaluate their histological features and mechanical properties for use in peripheral nerve repair.<br />METHODS: Brachial plexus nerves were isolated from male sheep cadavers under aseptic conditions and decellularized using detergent agents according to a decellularization protocol. The decellularization process was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), Masson's trichrome staining method, and electron microscopy. The resistance and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix structure were examined by tensile testing. The DNA content of decellularized nerves and intact nerves was also measured using a kit and NanoDrop.<br />RESULTS: The evaluations showed that cells were completely removed from the nerve scaffolds, and the extracellular matrix was well preserved in the nerve scaffold. Tensile testing revealed that decellularized nerve scaffolds relatively maintained their mechanical properties compared to control nerves. Examining the DNA content of scaffolds and intact nerves also showed that the DNA content of nerves was significantly reduced after the decellularization process.<br />CONCLUSIONS: The prepared decellularized peripheral nerve grafts can preserve extracellular matrix components. The decellularized nerve scaffolds have the potential to be alternatives to artificial nerve conduits and autografts for peripheral nerve repair.BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injuries often require surgical intervention to repair nerves. Autologous nerve grafting is a standard method for the repair of peripheral nerves. However, autologous nerve grafts have limitations such as restricted availability. Thus, the development of alternative strategies to address nerve defects is essential.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop and prepare decellularized nerve scaffolds from ovine peripheral nerves and evaluate their histological features and mechanical properties for use in peripheral nerve repair.<br />METHODS: Brachial plexus nerves were isolated from male sheep cadavers under aseptic conditions and decellularized using detergent agents according to a decellularization protocol. The decellularization process was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E), Masson's trichrome staining method, and electron microscopy. The resistance and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix structure were examined by tensile testing. The DNA content of decellularized nerves and intact nerves was also measured using a kit and NanoDrop.<br />RESULTS: The evaluations showed that cells were completely removed from the nerve scaffolds, and the extracellular matrix was well preserved in the nerve scaffold. Tensile testing revealed that decellularized nerve scaffolds relatively maintained their mechanical properties compared to control nerves. Examining the DNA content of scaffolds and intact nerves also showed that the DNA content of nerves was significantly reduced after the decellularization process.<br />CONCLUSIONS: The prepared decellularized peripheral nerve grafts can preserve extracellular matrix components. The decellularized nerve scaffolds have the potential to be alternatives to artificial nerve conduits and autografts for peripheral nerve repair.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98432_4e8596e95686126baf39a730455bc4a3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Comparative Effects of Curcumin Nano-Niosomes and Free Curcumin on Apoptosis, Intracellular ROS, and STAT3/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
in A549 Lung Cancer CellsComparative Effects of Curcumin Nano-Niosomes and Free Curcumin on Apoptosis, Intracellular ROS, and STAT3/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
in A549 Lung Cancer Cells1571659826110.22059/jvr.2024.372977.3421FAGholamhosseinTondroDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammad HasanDarvishiNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSajadSahab-NegahDepartment of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2242-9794GhadirRajabzadehDepartment of Food Nanotechnology, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology, Mashhad, IranAliMohammadiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranZabihollahKhaksarDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranHamid RezaMoradiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20240420BACKGROUND: Niosomes are biodegradable and biocompatible carriers that have a hydrophilic head and a lipophilic tail and can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. By nanotechnology and curcumin-loaded nano-niosomes, it is possible to exploit the diverse anticancer properties of curcumin via targeted delivery to the desired tissue.<br />OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticles (CM-NP) and free curcumin (CM) on apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in A549 lung cancer cell line.<br />METHODS: The A549 cells were first exposed to CM-NP and CM. Then, the apoptosis, intracellular ROS, and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using commercial kits.<br />RESULTS: Exposure to CM-NP significantly increased the early and late apoptotic A549 cells compared to CM (<em>P</em><0.001). Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values, the CM-NP caused a significant increase in ROS production compared to CM (<em>P</em><0.001). In addition, exposure to CM and CM-NP led to a significant decrease in the expression levels of STAT3 and NF-κB compared to non-exposed cells (<em>P</em><0.001). The expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 in A549 cells exposed to CM-NP were significantly lower than those in the CM group (<em>P</em><0.05).<br />CONCLUSIONS: The curcumin nano-niosomes induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells more than the free form of curcumin, in an oxidative stress-dependent manner and by increasing intracellular ROS and by STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. These results demonstrate the potential of the curcumin nano-niosomes as a promising method for lung cancer treatment.BACKGROUND: Niosomes are biodegradable and biocompatible carriers that have a hydrophilic head and a lipophilic tail and can encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. By nanotechnology and curcumin-loaded nano-niosomes, it is possible to exploit the diverse anticancer properties of curcumin via targeted delivery to the desired tissue.<br />OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of curcumin-loaded niosome nanoparticles (CM-NP) and free curcumin (CM) on apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway in A549 lung cancer cell line.<br />METHODS: The A549 cells were first exposed to CM-NP and CM. Then, the apoptosis, intracellular ROS, and STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using commercial kits.<br />RESULTS: Exposure to CM-NP significantly increased the early and late apoptotic A549 cells compared to CM (<em>P</em><0.001). Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration values, the CM-NP caused a significant increase in ROS production compared to CM (<em>P</em><0.001). In addition, exposure to CM and CM-NP led to a significant decrease in the expression levels of STAT3 and NF-κB compared to non-exposed cells (<em>P</em><0.001). The expression levels of NF-κB and STAT3 in A549 cells exposed to CM-NP were significantly lower than those in the CM group (<em>P</em><0.05).<br />CONCLUSIONS: The curcumin nano-niosomes induces apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells more than the free form of curcumin, in an oxidative stress-dependent manner and by increasing intracellular ROS and by STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathways. These results demonstrate the potential of the curcumin nano-niosomes as a promising method for lung cancer treatment.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98261_af1dc3a2213643add13baf04c9ba4ae3.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Investigating the Efficiency of Immunogenicity of Specific Peptides Produced Against FMD VirusInvestigating the Efficiency of Immunogenicity of Specific Peptides Produced Against FMD Virus1671799857810.22059/jvr.2024.376612.3434FAFatemehTahooriDepartment of Human Bacterial Vaccines Production and Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranMohammad MehdiRanjbarDepartment of Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranRasoolMadaniDepartment of R&D, Kit and Anti-Body Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranSeyed MahmoodAzimi DezfoliDepartment of Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranFaribaGolchinfarDepartment of R&D, Kit and Anti-Body Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranArashGhanizadehDepartment of R&D, Kit and Anti-Body Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, IranJournal Article20240407BACKGROUND: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease affecting livestock. Like other viruses, this virus continuously evolves and mutates, posing a significant challenge to vaccination due to the vast diversity of serotypes. There is no cross-protection among the serotypes, and two strains within a specific serotype may have nucleotide sequences that differ by up to 30% for a particular gene. This indicates that foot-and-mouth disease vaccines must be highly specific to the strain involved. Given the importance of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and its role in health and food security, using new peptide candidates for immunization could be beneficial.<br />OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenic effects of specific peptides produced against the FMD virus.<br />METHODS: After conducting bioinformatics studies, two sequences of 14- and 20-amino acid peptides from the peptide sequences of the immunogenic regions of the VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth virus O2016 were designed and synthesized. The peptide formulation (conjugated to BSA) was then prepared with aluminum phosphate adjuvant, and injections were administered to groups of nine rabbits at two-week intervals for a total of five times. Subsequently, the amount of antibody production was investigated and analyzed using the indirect peptide ELISA test, comparing it to the negative control samples (non-vaccinated calves) against the peptides attached to the BSA base.<br />RESULTS: The results showed that both peptides were capable of stimulating the immune system in rabbits, and antibodies against these peptides, as well as against the complete foot-and-mouth disease virus, demonstrated cross-reactivity with each other. Additionally, the highest immunogenicity in the ELISA test was related to the 20 amino acid sequence at a concentration of 300 µg per well in the checkerboard ELISA and 400 µg per dose injected into the rabbits.<br />CONCLUSIONS: These two peptides, with further research, could serve as suitable candidates for evaluating the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus in serology tests, examining vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals, and conducting immunization studies.BACKGROUND: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease affecting livestock. Like other viruses, this virus continuously evolves and mutates, posing a significant challenge to vaccination due to the vast diversity of serotypes. There is no cross-protection among the serotypes, and two strains within a specific serotype may have nucleotide sequences that differ by up to 30% for a particular gene. This indicates that foot-and-mouth disease vaccines must be highly specific to the strain involved. Given the importance of the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine and its role in health and food security, using new peptide candidates for immunization could be beneficial.<br />OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenic effects of specific peptides produced against the FMD virus.<br />METHODS: After conducting bioinformatics studies, two sequences of 14- and 20-amino acid peptides from the peptide sequences of the immunogenic regions of the VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth virus O2016 were designed and synthesized. The peptide formulation (conjugated to BSA) was then prepared with aluminum phosphate adjuvant, and injections were administered to groups of nine rabbits at two-week intervals for a total of five times. Subsequently, the amount of antibody production was investigated and analyzed using the indirect peptide ELISA test, comparing it to the negative control samples (non-vaccinated calves) against the peptides attached to the BSA base.<br />RESULTS: The results showed that both peptides were capable of stimulating the immune system in rabbits, and antibodies against these peptides, as well as against the complete foot-and-mouth disease virus, demonstrated cross-reactivity with each other. Additionally, the highest immunogenicity in the ELISA test was related to the 20 amino acid sequence at a concentration of 300 µg per well in the checkerboard ELISA and 400 µg per dose injected into the rabbits.<br />CONCLUSIONS: These two peptides, with further research, could serve as suitable candidates for evaluating the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus in serology tests, examining vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals, and conducting immunization studies.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98578_6a7c67566940c013a67b3cf658c59535.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252579320240922Effects of Inhaling Normal and Super Gasoline Vapors on the Respiratory Tract of Rats and Therapeutic Potential of Dexamethasone and Salbutamol: A Histopathological StudyEffects of Inhaling Normal and Super Gasoline Vapors on the Respiratory Tract of Rats and Therapeutic Potential of Dexamethasone and Salbutamol: A Histopathological Study1811919843410.22059/jvr.2023.361177.3363FAMohammad RezaSamadzadeh MamaghaniGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranGoudarzSadeghi HashjinDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAliRassouliDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAhadMuhammadnejad DarianiResearcher, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAkramVatannejadDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240416BACKGROUND: Considering the high consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting respiratory complications, it is important to know the effects of gasoline vapors on the pathophysiology of the respiratory tract and the therapeutic role of corticosteroids and b-adrenergic agonists.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the effects of inhaling normal and super gasoline (offered by the gas stations in Tehran, Iran) on the respiratory tract of rats and investigate the therapeutic potential of dexamethasone and salbutamol.<br />METHODS: In this study, 66 Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups of 6. Three groups were exposed to inhalation of either normal or super gasoline vapor under normal conditions for 30 days. Then, they underwent a five-day treatment by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone and salbutamol alone or in combination with each other. Normal saline solution was used in the control group. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological evaluation. The tissue sections were qualitatively examined and scored, and the data were statistically analyzed.<br />RESULTS: Inhalation of super gasoline vapor significantly increased pulmonary emphysema compared to other groups, but other tissue damage indicators did not show significant changes. The group received dexamethasone had the lowest incidence of emphysema, while salbutamol did not show a significant effect on the incidence of the complication.<br />CONCLUSIONS: Gasoline vapor inhalation has a negative effect on the respiratory health. Dexamethasone but not salbutamol has potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of emphysema caused by inhalation of super and normal gasoline vapors. More research is recommended to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of these effects and their importance in clinical practice.BACKGROUND: Considering the high consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting respiratory complications, it is important to know the effects of gasoline vapors on the pathophysiology of the respiratory tract and the therapeutic role of corticosteroids and b-adrenergic agonists.<br />OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the effects of inhaling normal and super gasoline (offered by the gas stations in Tehran, Iran) on the respiratory tract of rats and investigate the therapeutic potential of dexamethasone and salbutamol.<br />METHODS: In this study, 66 Wistar rats were divided into 11 groups of 6. Three groups were exposed to inhalation of either normal or super gasoline vapor under normal conditions for 30 days. Then, they underwent a five-day treatment by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone and salbutamol alone or in combination with each other. Normal saline solution was used in the control group. Lung tissue samples were collected for histopathological evaluation. The tissue sections were qualitatively examined and scored, and the data were statistically analyzed.<br />RESULTS: Inhalation of super gasoline vapor significantly increased pulmonary emphysema compared to other groups, but other tissue damage indicators did not show significant changes. The group received dexamethasone had the lowest incidence of emphysema, while salbutamol did not show a significant effect on the incidence of the complication.<br />CONCLUSIONS: Gasoline vapor inhalation has a negative effect on the respiratory health. Dexamethasone but not salbutamol has potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of emphysema caused by inhalation of super and normal gasoline vapors. More research is recommended to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of these effects and their importance in clinical practice.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_98434_4fc8152f795848cd90667ee2b62b4ff2.pdf