University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 Hepatoprotective Effect of Spinacia oleracea L. Ethanolic Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Male Rats Hepatoprotective Effect of Spinacia oleracea L. Ethanolic Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Male Rats 135 148 103444 10.22059/jvr.2024.369702.3417 FA Azita Khodayari Graduated from the Department of Biology, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0006-3780-4944 Akram Eidi Department of Biology, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6673-5347 Pejman Mortazavi Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2795-5371 Journal Article 2025 04 26 BACKGROUND: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), which is cultivated worldwide, is an important dietary vegetable and a common raw material in the food processing industry. Spinach is rich in flavonoids, phenolic components, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals, and is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer herb. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of spinach leaves against liver poisoning induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in adult male Wistar rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into eight groups of 6 including healthy control, liver damage control (CCl4 at doses of 1 ml/kg, i.p., twice a week), healthy experimental (spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, b.w.), liver damage experimental (CCl4 + spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, b.w.). The treatment took 28 days. Then, animals were anesthetized and their blood samples were collected from their hearts. Levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured in serum. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in the liver homogenate. The structure of liver tissue was also investigated. RESULTS: The spinach extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP, increased the activities of SOD and GPX, and reduced the MDA levels. Also, administration of spinach extract improved the structure of the liver. CONCLUSIONS: The spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg acts as a potent antioxidative agent against CCl4-induced liver damage in male rats. BACKGROUND: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), which is cultivated worldwide, is an important dietary vegetable and a common raw material in the food processing industry. Spinach is rich in flavonoids, phenolic components, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals, and is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer herb. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of spinach leaves against liver poisoning induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in adult male Wistar rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into eight groups of 6 including healthy control, liver damage control (CCl4 at doses of 1 ml/kg, i.p., twice a week), healthy experimental (spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, b.w.), liver damage experimental (CCl4 + spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, b.w.). The treatment took 28 days. Then, animals were anesthetized and their blood samples were collected from their hearts. Levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were measured in serum. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in the liver homogenate. The structure of liver tissue was also investigated. RESULTS: The spinach extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the levels of liver enzymes ALT, AST and ALP, increased the activities of SOD and GPX, and reduced the MDA levels. Also, administration of spinach extract improved the structure of the liver. CONCLUSIONS: The spinach ethanolic extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg acts as a potent antioxidative agent against CCl4-induced liver damage in male rats.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103444_7f4db133ee67ff571bfec4d33b72ff47.pdf

University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 TaqMan Real-Time PCR Method for the Authentication of Chicken Burgers TaqMan Real-Time PCR Method for the Authentication of Chicken Burgers 149 160 103446 10.22059/jvr.2025.384001.3462 FA Nasrin Karami Graduated from the School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0002-2817-0787 Nayebali Rezvani Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Milad Rouhi Research Center of Oils and Fats, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0001-5277-6191 Saba Yari MSc. in Genetic Science, Medical Genetics Laboratory, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Zahra Sarlak Research Center of Oils and Fats, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0003-0762-584X Journal Article 2025 04 16 BACKGROUND: The authentication of chicken burgers is important due to the use of soybean meal instead of chicken in chicken burgers. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in authenticating the chicken burgers. METHODS: The Cytochrome b (Cytb) and 18S rRNA genes were used for the chicken identification and endogenous control, respectively. The binary reference mixtures of chicken/soybean meal (containing 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100% chicken) were prepared for plotting the relative curves. The DNA serial dilutions extracted from the pure chicken sample were used to plot the absolute curves. The authentication was done after the acceptance of standard curves with satisfactory parameters using the model samples (the mixture chicken/soybean meal models of 60, 30, 10, and 5% and a chicken burger model of 75%). RESULTS: The curves plotted for both relative and absolute models had acceptable parameters according to the criteria determined for quantitative PCR assays. The R2 values of 0.9986 and 0.9993, the slopes of -3.2647 and -3.5333, and amplification efficiency percentages of 102.44% and 91.88% were obtained for the relative and absolute models, respectively. In the validation phase, the results showed that all samples analyzed using both models had satisfactory relative standard deviation percentage or accuracy (<25%), but the bias percentage (precision) for the absolute model was not within the acceptable range (±25%). CONCLUSIONS: The relative model of TaqMan PCR has acceptable accuracy and precision and a sensitivity of 0.1% to estimate chicken meat in chicken burgers and can be used to authenticate the chicken burgers or prevent their mislabeling in the market. BACKGROUND: The authentication of chicken burgers is important due to the use of soybean meal instead of chicken in chicken burgers. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in authenticating the chicken burgers. METHODS: The Cytochrome b (Cytb) and 18S rRNA genes were used for the chicken identification and endogenous control, respectively. The binary reference mixtures of chicken/soybean meal (containing 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100% chicken) were prepared for plotting the relative curves. The DNA serial dilutions extracted from the pure chicken sample were used to plot the absolute curves. The authentication was done after the acceptance of standard curves with satisfactory parameters using the model samples (the mixture chicken/soybean meal models of 60, 30, 10, and 5% and a chicken burger model of 75%). RESULTS: The curves plotted for both relative and absolute models had acceptable parameters according to the criteria determined for quantitative PCR assays. The R2 values of 0.9986 and 0.9993, the slopes of -3.2647 and -3.5333, and amplification efficiency percentages of 102.44% and 91.88% were obtained for the relative and absolute models, respectively. In the validation phase, the results showed that all samples analyzed using both models had satisfactory relative standard deviation percentage or accuracy (<25%), but the bias percentage (precision) for the absolute model was not within the acceptable range (±25%). CONCLUSIONS: The relative model of TaqMan PCR has acceptable accuracy and precision and a sensitivity of 0.1% to estimate chicken meat in chicken burgers and can be used to authenticate the chicken burgers or prevent their mislabeling in the market.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103446_0a6f33d77565fdab3eeabbeb63e3d8c9.pdf

University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 Bacterial Diseases in Rainbow Trout Farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah Provinces of Iran and Their Risk Factors Bacterial Diseases in Rainbow Trout Farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah Provinces of Iran and Their Risk Factors 161 175 103517 10.22059/jvr.2025.388340.3481 FA Mahdi Soltani Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Harry Butler Institute, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, Perth, West Australia, Australia 0000-0002-5367-7133 Kazem Abdi Department of Health and Prevention of Diseases of Aquatic Animals, Iran Veterinary Organization, Iran 0009-0006-8601-1422 Mohamad Azizzadeh Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-9192-5022 Rozhin Farshgar Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran 0000-0002-3659-6745 Sepideh Asadi Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3659-6745 Saeedeh Hoseini Graduated from the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mahtab Khalaji Graduated from the Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Gorgan Agriculture and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran 0009-0002-7287-4180 Elnaz Kamrani Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 04 30 BACKGROUND: Study of economically significant bacterial diseases in farmed rainbow trout is important. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the economically important bacterial diseases in rainbow trout farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, Iran. METHODS: Ten diseased fish were obtained from 25 fish farms located at Palangan, Siravan, Bijar, and Rijab farms as well as the trout farms along the Gavroud river. Isolation and identification of the causative agents were done using phenotypic and molecular methods. The presence of 23 risk factors affecting the occurrence/severity of bacterial diseases was also studied in these fish farms. RESULTS: We obtained 59 and 51 bacterial isolates from Kurdistan and Kermanshah fish farms, respectively. In molecular studies, six bacterial species including Streptococcus iniae, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila were identified in the fish farms of both provinces. The most frequent bacterial pathogens in Kurdistan fish farms were L. garvieae (22%), S. agalactiae (20.3%), and Y. ruckeri (18.6%), followed by S. iniae (15.3%), A. hydrophila (8.5%), and S. dysgalactiae (6.8%), while in Kermanshah fish farms, Y. ruckeri (23.5%), L. garvieae (21.6%) and S. agalactiae (21.6%) were more prevalent, followed by S. iniae (13.7%), S. dysgalactiae (5.9%) and A. hydrophila (5.9%). Relative frequencies of unknown isolates in Kurdistan and Kermanshah fish farms were 8.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The relative frequency of 19 and 15 risk factors was 50% in Kurdistan and Kermanshah farms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rainbow trout farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah have economically important bacterial diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt methods to prevent their occurrence. BACKGROUND: Study of economically significant bacterial diseases in farmed rainbow trout is important. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the economically important bacterial diseases in rainbow trout farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, Iran. METHODS: Ten diseased fish were obtained from 25 fish farms located at Palangan, Siravan, Bijar, and Rijab farms as well as the trout farms along the Gavroud river. Isolation and identification of the causative agents were done using phenotypic and molecular methods. The presence of 23 risk factors affecting the occurrence/severity of bacterial diseases was also studied in these fish farms. RESULTS: We obtained 59 and 51 bacterial isolates from Kurdistan and Kermanshah fish farms, respectively. In molecular studies, six bacterial species including Streptococcus iniae, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri, and Aeromonas hydrophila were identified in the fish farms of both provinces. The most frequent bacterial pathogens in Kurdistan fish farms were L. garvieae (22%), S. agalactiae (20.3%), and Y. ruckeri (18.6%), followed by S. iniae (15.3%), A. hydrophila (8.5%), and S. dysgalactiae (6.8%), while in Kermanshah fish farms, Y. ruckeri (23.5%), L. garvieae (21.6%) and S. agalactiae (21.6%) were more prevalent, followed by S. iniae (13.7%), S. dysgalactiae (5.9%) and A. hydrophila (5.9%). Relative frequencies of unknown isolates in Kurdistan and Kermanshah fish farms were 8.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The relative frequency of 19 and 15 risk factors was 50% in Kurdistan and Kermanshah farms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rainbow trout farms in Kurdistan and Kermanshah have economically important bacterial diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt methods to prevent their occurrence.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103517_dba7aa9828a75daa5e94d43217cea6aa.pdf

University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 Hematological and Histological Changes in the Knee Cartilage of Male Rats Received Intra-Articular Injection of Bee Venom and Melittin Hematological and Histological Changes in the Knee Cartilage of Male Rats Received Intra-Articular Injection of Bee Venom and Melittin 177 188 103557 10.22059/jvr.2025.385857.3468 FA Hayedeh Keyhan Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hasan Morovvati Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-0275-1636 Mohammad Kazem Koohi Department of Comparative BioSciences (DCBs), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8598-3824 Jalal Hassan Department of Comparative BioSciences (DCBs), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mazidi Research Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1668-908X Journal Article 2025 04 22 BACKGROUND: Bee venom therapy has been used for thousands of years. Bee venom consists of at least 18 active pharmacological compounds including phospholipases and peptide as well as amino acid compounds such as melittin, which has anti-inflammatory properties.OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aim to compare the effects of single intra-articular injections of bee venom and melittin on joint histology and hematology in male rats.METHODS: In this research, 18 healthy male rats were used in three groups: control, bee venom (BV), and melittin. Intra-articular injection of 1mg/kg of bee venom or melittin was performed two intervention groups. One month after the injection, their hematological and immunological factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated and compared with those of the control group. Also, histological studies and tissue staining by hematoxylin & eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome were performed. Tissue expression of TNF-α was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: The findings did not show significant differences between the groups in hematologic factors. The results for histological factors showed a significant increase in knee cartilage thickness in the BV group and a significant decrease in the number of chondrocytes in both BV and melittin groups. Also, the reduction of collagen fibers and disorganization of the ground substance were observed by PAS and Masson's trichrome staining in the melittin group. TNF-α and IL-6 significantly increased in both BV and melittin groups, while immunohistochemical staining of TNF-α showed a non-significant decrease due to bee venom injection.CONCLUSIONS: The intra-articular injection of bee venom and melittin cannot lead to hematological changes. They can increase the level of inflammatory biomarkers, TNF-α and IL-6, and reduce the number of healthy chondrocytes in the middle layer; however, further studies are needed to confirm these results. Our findings suggest that bee venom and its main component, melittin, may increase immune responses. Regarding the bee venom safety, more extensive studies are needed. BACKGROUND: Bee venom therapy has been used for thousands of years. Bee venom consists of at least 18 active pharmacological compounds including phospholipases and peptide as well as amino acid compounds such as melittin, which has anti-inflammatory properties.OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aim to compare the effects of single intra-articular injections of bee venom and melittin on joint histology and hematology in male rats.METHODS: In this research, 18 healthy male rats were used in three groups: control, bee venom (BV), and melittin. Intra-articular injection of 1mg/kg of bee venom or melittin was performed two intervention groups. One month after the injection, their hematological and immunological factors including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated and compared with those of the control group. Also, histological studies and tissue staining by hematoxylin & eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome were performed. Tissue expression of TNF-α was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: The findings did not show significant differences between the groups in hematologic factors. The results for histological factors showed a significant increase in knee cartilage thickness in the BV group and a significant decrease in the number of chondrocytes in both BV and melittin groups. Also, the reduction of collagen fibers and disorganization of the ground substance were observed by PAS and Masson's trichrome staining in the melittin group. TNF-α and IL-6 significantly increased in both BV and melittin groups, while immunohistochemical staining of TNF-α showed a non-significant decrease due to bee venom injection.CONCLUSIONS: The intra-articular injection of bee venom and melittin cannot lead to hematological changes. They can increase the level of inflammatory biomarkers, TNF-α and IL-6, and reduce the number of healthy chondrocytes in the middle layer; however, further studies are needed to confirm these results. Our findings suggest that bee venom and its main component, melittin, may increase immune responses. Regarding the bee venom safety, more extensive studies are needed.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103557_fa0751843310eb1f6ccb1264171438b1.pdf

University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 The Effects of N-Butanol and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Ferula asafoetida Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Expression of VEGF and FGF Genes in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos The Effects of N-Butanol and Ethyl Acetate Fractions of Ferula asafoetida Hydroalcoholic Extract on the Expression of VEGF and FGF Genes in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of Chick Embryos 189 200 103520 10.22059/jvr.2025.385410.3464 FA Mohammadreza Pourmohammad Graduated from the School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 0000-0002-8998-7475 Jina Khayatzadeh Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 0000-0002-3880-0121 Ahmad Zahani Graduated from the Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 0009-0005-1177-8664 Maryam Tehranipour Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 0000-0002-4906-7535 Saeedeh Zafar Balanjad Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran 0000-0002-0530-1270 Journal Article 2025 04 09 BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is the biological process of sprouting new vessels from existing vessels in the tissue. The main factors in the molecular guidance of this process are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effects of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Ferula asafoetida plant (one of the prominent medicinal plants in traditional medicine) on changes in the expression of VEGF and FGF genes in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. METHODS: In this research, 80 fertilized eggs of Ross chicken were randomly divided into eight groups including control and laboratory control (PBS) groups and 6 experimental groups. On the eighth day of incubation, the laboratory control group was treated with normal saline and the experimental groups were treated with 100, 200, and 300 µg/ml doses of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract. On the twelfth day, a photo was taken of CAM to count the number of vessels and measure the length of vessels. The CAM samples were prepared for RNA extraction and cDNA production. The collected data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean number of vessels and the length of vessels in the treatment groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Also, the expression levels of VEGF and FGF genes in the treatment groups were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Ferula asafoetida plant seem to adversely affect the angiogenesis process in the CAM of chick embryos by diminishing the expression levels of VEGF and FGF genes. BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis is the biological process of sprouting new vessels from existing vessels in the tissue. The main factors in the molecular guidance of this process are vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effects of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Ferula asafoetida plant (one of the prominent medicinal plants in traditional medicine) on changes in the expression of VEGF and FGF genes in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos. METHODS: In this research, 80 fertilized eggs of Ross chicken were randomly divided into eight groups including control and laboratory control (PBS) groups and 6 experimental groups. On the eighth day of incubation, the laboratory control group was treated with normal saline and the experimental groups were treated with 100, 200, and 300 µg/ml doses of n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract. On the twelfth day, a photo was taken of CAM to count the number of vessels and measure the length of vessels. The CAM samples were prepared for RNA extraction and cDNA production. The collected data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: The mean number of vessels and the length of vessels in the treatment groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. Also, the expression levels of VEGF and FGF genes in the treatment groups were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Ferula asafoetida plant seem to adversely affect the angiogenesis process in the CAM of chick embryos by diminishing the expression levels of VEGF and FGF genes.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103520_e73249397da19711f85387d3621fb191.pdf

University of Tehran Press Journal of Veterinary Research 2008-2525 80 3 2025 09 23 Hemimaxillectomy for Treatment of Oral Fibrosarcoma in a German Shepherd Dog: A Case Report Hemimaxillectomy for Treatment of Oral Fibrosarcoma in a German Shepherd Dog: A Case Report 201 209 103543 10.22059/jvr.2024.378394.3446 FA Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4694-347X Amirhossein Mirsamiee Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0009-0001-0092-8234 Sara Shokrpoor Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-4054-290X Mohammad Molazem Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0009-0009-9378-1478 Zohre Ghiasi Tarzi Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Arian Rabiee Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2025 04 14 Fibrosarcoma is the third most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity in dogs, accounting for 10-20% of malignant tumors in this area. This tumor is more common in young and large dog breeds, especially Labrador and Golden Retrievers. Distant metastasis is uncommon, but the likelihood of local recurrence is high with any treatment. A 3-year-old intact male German Shepherd dog was referred with a lobular mass in the right palatal direction of the oral cavity. On initial examination, a lobular mass was observed at the level of tooth 107, involving the palatal surface of the gum and hard palate. Clinical symptoms included halitosis, sensitivity during the oral examination, bloody saliva, nasal discharge, displaced teeth, anorexia, and weight loss. The complete blood counting and biochemical profile tests showed a mild shift to the left and the presence of infection. No pulmonary metastasis was observed in chest radiography. The CT angiography revealed a soft tissue mass of 2.5×2.7×7 cm in the right side of the oral cavity, extending to the nasopharyngeal meatus, right retrobulbar space, and right nasal cavity. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. Hemimaxillectomy was performed for extensive removal of the mass. Despite surgical treatment and chemotherapy, tumor recurrence was observed four months after surgery with symptoms such as blood discharge from the right nostril and ulcerating protrusion at the palate site. Eventually, euthanasia was performed at the dog owner's decision. This report demonstrates that hemimaxillectomy can improve the quality of life in dogs with oral fibrosarcoma, although the risk of recurrence is high. Additionally, this case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in improving the prognosis of the disease. Fibrosarcoma is the third most common malignant tumor of the oral cavity in dogs, accounting for 10-20% of malignant tumors in this area. This tumor is more common in young and large dog breeds, especially Labrador and Golden Retrievers. Distant metastasis is uncommon, but the likelihood of local recurrence is high with any treatment. A 3-year-old intact male German Shepherd dog was referred with a lobular mass in the right palatal direction of the oral cavity. On initial examination, a lobular mass was observed at the level of tooth 107, involving the palatal surface of the gum and hard palate. Clinical symptoms included halitosis, sensitivity during the oral examination, bloody saliva, nasal discharge, displaced teeth, anorexia, and weight loss. The complete blood counting and biochemical profile tests showed a mild shift to the left and the presence of infection. No pulmonary metastasis was observed in chest radiography. The CT angiography revealed a soft tissue mass of 2.5×2.7×7 cm in the right side of the oral cavity, extending to the nasopharyngeal meatus, right retrobulbar space, and right nasal cavity. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. Hemimaxillectomy was performed for extensive removal of the mass. Despite surgical treatment and chemotherapy, tumor recurrence was observed four months after surgery with symptoms such as blood discharge from the right nostril and ulcerating protrusion at the palate site. Eventually, euthanasia was performed at the dog owner's decision. This report demonstrates that hemimaxillectomy can improve the quality of life in dogs with oral fibrosarcoma, although the risk of recurrence is high. Additionally, this case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in improving the prognosis of the disease.

https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_103543_b4ac0889689da904937922e64d0971dd.pdf