University of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16715FAJournal Article19700101Sodium hyaluronate reduce adhesions after tendon repair in rodents and dogs, and has been no reports in people. To evaluate its effect on tendon healing in horses and to compare It with compound of similar viscoelastic properties, a study was performed on 8 horses, using a model of ZigZag splitting injury in DDFT. Eight clinically normal horses were randomly divided into 2 groups under general anaesthesia tendon splitting was performed in ZigZag form in DDFT in one forelimb in all horses. Ulterasonographic examination after tendon splitting was performed and confirmed the same injuries in all tendons. Group A horses had sodium hyaluronate (NaH) gel (10mg /ml) into the site of injury every other days for five successive days. Group B horses had methylcellulose
(MeS) gel Injection at the same site. Serial ultrasonographic
examination was perfomed In 2 groups at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60
days after last intralesional Injection. Horses were euthanatized
after 14 weeks of stall rest Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed
Improved tendon healing after NaH injection (P < 0.05).
Histologically, the DDFT from the Nail treated limbs had reduced
inflammatoiy cells Infiltration, Improved tendon structure and less
intertendinous hemorrhage, treatment with MeS had no significant
effect on tendon healing. Sodium hyaluronate, administered
intralesionally appears to have a pharmacuetically beneficial action
in this model of tendonitis.Sodium hyaluronate reduce adhesions after tendon repair in rodents and dogs, and has been no reports in people. To evaluate its effect on tendon healing in horses and to compare It with compound of similar viscoelastic properties, a study was performed on 8 horses, using a model of ZigZag splitting injury in DDFT. Eight clinically normal horses were randomly divided into 2 groups under general anaesthesia tendon splitting was performed in ZigZag form in DDFT in one forelimb in all horses. Ulterasonographic examination after tendon splitting was performed and confirmed the same injuries in all tendons. Group A horses had sodium hyaluronate (NaH) gel (10mg /ml) into the site of injury every other days for five successive days. Group B horses had methylcellulose
(MeS) gel Injection at the same site. Serial ultrasonographic
examination was perfomed In 2 groups at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60
days after last intralesional Injection. Horses were euthanatized
after 14 weeks of stall rest Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed
Improved tendon healing after NaH injection (P < 0.05).
Histologically, the DDFT from the Nail treated limbs had reduced
inflammatoiy cells Infiltration, Improved tendon structure and less
intertendinous hemorrhage, treatment with MeS had no significant
effect on tendon healing. Sodium hyaluronate, administered
intralesionally appears to have a pharmacuetically beneficial action
in this model of tendonitis.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16715_9b99472206d2cca26a5eddccf4f78e9b.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16716FAJournal Article19700101Haematological values can help clinicians and experts for diagnosis of disease and some other researches (eg. breeding management). We tried to get some haematological values of Lori - Bakhtiari sheeps and found some effects of different conditions on these .‘values. Fordetermination the weaning, season, sex, and kind of birth effects on RBC , WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT and differentiation table, we examined blood samples from 281 lambs, 180 rams and 582 ewes. These samples were examined by ‘Technicon Haematology One (H1) instrument. RBC, WBC, MCV, and differentiation table had significant differences between pre and post weaning. Season had cosidarble effects on haematological values of rams and ewes. Age affected WBC, RBC, HCT values of rams and WBC, Hb, and PLT values of ewes. Sex effects on neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils values were significant. Most parameters of lambs differed with matured sheep.Haematological values can help clinicians and experts for diagnosis of disease and some other researches (eg. breeding management). We tried to get some haematological values of Lori - Bakhtiari sheeps and found some effects of different conditions on these .‘values. Fordetermination the weaning, season, sex, and kind of birth effects on RBC , WBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT and differentiation table, we examined blood samples from 281 lambs, 180 rams and 582 ewes. These samples were examined by ‘Technicon Haematology One (H1) instrument. RBC, WBC, MCV, and differentiation table had significant differences between pre and post weaning. Season had cosidarble effects on haematological values of rams and ewes. Age affected WBC, RBC, HCT values of rams and WBC, Hb, and PLT values of ewes. Sex effects on neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils values were significant. Most parameters of lambs differed with matured sheep.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16716_5ac509b2feb1d6631b6277add7f8fe67.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16717FAJournal Article19700101In order to study the periodicity of microfilaria of Dirofilario immitis in a dog naturally infected with this parasite, blood samples are taken from saphen or cephalic vein in every hours of 3 consecutive days and night (72 times). The blood samples were examined by using modified knott method. Our finding revealed a nucturnal periodicity for D. immitis. The highest number of microfilariae was seen at 23 PM. and the lowest at 10 AM. The mean number of microfilariae in day time between 7 AM. to 18 PM. was 6693 comparing with 11906 at dark time of a day. (18 PM. to 7 AM).In order to study the periodicity of microfilaria of Dirofilario immitis in a dog naturally infected with this parasite, blood samples are taken from saphen or cephalic vein in every hours of 3 consecutive days and night (72 times). The blood samples were examined by using modified knott method. Our finding revealed a nucturnal periodicity for D. immitis. The highest number of microfilariae was seen at 23 PM. and the lowest at 10 AM. The mean number of microfilariae in day time between 7 AM. to 18 PM. was 6693 comparing with 11906 at dark time of a day. (18 PM. to 7 AM).https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16717_8b68f30459a3af928d2984a485280489.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16718FAJournal Article19700101In this study 106 heads apparently normal, Ghezel sheep breed f rorn National Animal Research Institute , were randomly chosen and divided into five groups of pregnant and Non - preg. ewes
rams, lactating male and female lambs. The values of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin ratio creatlnlne, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferse (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , sodium potassium were measured , also the effects of age, weight and sex on the above mentioned ‘arameters were calculated and the mean values ± of the studied arameters were determind as following total protein 7.08 ± 0.08 gr /dl, albumin: 3.14 ± 0.06 gr /dl, globulin: 3.99 ± 0.31 gr/dl, A /G ratio :0.80 ± 0.12 creatinine: 1.43 ± 0.03 mg/dl, glucose : 48.70 ± 0.53mg / dl, urea: 36.39 ± 0.90 mg / dl. uric acid:2.08 ± 0.14 mg/dl, cholesterol: 73.58 ± 2.9omg/dl, ALT :22.46 ± 0.70 U/L, AST:74.40 ± 2.25u/l ,sodium:
potassium : 149.57 ± 2.12 meq / L, potassium : 5.13 ± 0.16 meq / L. Using the ANOVA and Tukey’s test, the effects of age and sex on the studied parameters were determined. Studentt test was used to identify the significant differences between male and female groups in the studied parameters. There was a significant difference between serum levels of albumin, uric acid and potassium levels in the male and female groups.In this study 106 heads apparently normal, Ghezel sheep breed f rorn National Animal Research Institute , were randomly chosen and divided into five groups of pregnant and Non - preg. ewes
rams, lactating male and female lambs. The values of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin / globulin ratio creatlnlne, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferse (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , sodium potassium were measured , also the effects of age, weight and sex on the above mentioned ‘arameters were calculated and the mean values ± of the studied arameters were determind as following total protein 7.08 ± 0.08 gr /dl, albumin: 3.14 ± 0.06 gr /dl, globulin: 3.99 ± 0.31 gr/dl, A /G ratio :0.80 ± 0.12 creatinine: 1.43 ± 0.03 mg/dl, glucose : 48.70 ± 0.53mg / dl, urea: 36.39 ± 0.90 mg / dl. uric acid:2.08 ± 0.14 mg/dl, cholesterol: 73.58 ± 2.9omg/dl, ALT :22.46 ± 0.70 U/L, AST:74.40 ± 2.25u/l ,sodium:
potassium : 149.57 ± 2.12 meq / L, potassium : 5.13 ± 0.16 meq / L. Using the ANOVA and Tukey’s test, the effects of age and sex on the studied parameters were determined. Studentt test was used to identify the significant differences between male and female groups in the studied parameters. There was a significant difference between serum levels of albumin, uric acid and potassium levels in the male and female groups.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16718_a1388e2634f7a1d7899ffada737691cd.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16719FAJournal Article19700101To study the role of Vibrio bacteria as probable agents associated with currently occurence of mortality in farmed prawn of Heleh station in Busher, 215 moribund or freshly dead Peneaus indicus (94 samples) and P. semisulcatus (70 samples) were obtained from 10 reared ponds. The bacteriological examination resulted in isolation and identification of 164 isolates of Vibrio consisting of V.
parahaemolyticus (29.2 %), V. harveyi (21.9 %), V. alginolyticus (21.9 %), V. anguillarum (9.75 %) and Vibrio sp, (17 %). These bacterial isolates were sensitive to chloramphincol, cephalotin and oxytetracycline but not to ampicilin and penicilin.To study the role of Vibrio bacteria as probable agents associated with currently occurence of mortality in farmed prawn of Heleh station in Busher, 215 moribund or freshly dead Peneaus indicus (94 samples) and P. semisulcatus (70 samples) were obtained from 10 reared ponds. The bacteriological examination resulted in isolation and identification of 164 isolates of Vibrio consisting of V.
parahaemolyticus (29.2 %), V. harveyi (21.9 %), V. alginolyticus (21.9 %), V. anguillarum (9.75 %) and Vibrio sp, (17 %). These bacterial isolates were sensitive to chloramphincol, cephalotin and oxytetracycline but not to ampicilin and penicilin.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16719_e67be448ddb2155948aa99a25ef70a6f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16720FAJournal Article19700101https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16720_a6bc4b03dcda421f31f0ca4326ba5bbb.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16721FAJournal Article19700101A biochemical survey was conducted to provide a reference value of Miniature Caspian pony’s blood serum profiles, and also comparing with those of Iranian Arab horse. Blood samples were taken from 94 clinically healthy Caspian ponies and 18 Iranian Arab horses. All animals were divided into 4 age related groups. Group 1, 0 - 36 months old, group 2, 37 - 72 months old, group 3, 73 - 108 months old and group 4, over 109 months old. Comprehensive statistical studies were based on results considering the age, sex and breed. The values of ALP, Ck, LDH were higher in Caspian pony than in Iranian Ara1 horse, but serum amylase is higher in Arab horse. Those significant differences were found among the mares of two breeds, but there were no differences in value of Ck among the stalions. Sex related differences were found in value of AST and AIP which were higher in mares than stalions. There were age related differences in values of AST, ALP and LDH which were higher in younger animals and decrease with age, but serum animals and lipase were lower in younger mares and increase with age. Reference values of normal serum enzymes, (AST, ALT, GOT, ALP, CK, LDH , Amylase and Lipase) for Caspian pony are respectively 302.70 ± 5.91, 11.86 ± 0.58, 12.39 ± 0.30, 414.67 ± 12.47 , 235.91 ± 13.50 , 413.37 ± 15.01
10.91 ± 0.42 and 12.34 ± 0.56 for Iranian Arab horse are respectively 309.33 ± 10.04, 12.11 ± 0.52, 11.89 ± 0.61, 257.94 ± 25.01 , 176.61 ± 13.32 , 302.17 ± 21.03
13.89 ± 1.18 and 12.72 ± 1.12.A biochemical survey was conducted to provide a reference value of Miniature Caspian pony’s blood serum profiles, and also comparing with those of Iranian Arab horse. Blood samples were taken from 94 clinically healthy Caspian ponies and 18 Iranian Arab horses. All animals were divided into 4 age related groups. Group 1, 0 - 36 months old, group 2, 37 - 72 months old, group 3, 73 - 108 months old and group 4, over 109 months old. Comprehensive statistical studies were based on results considering the age, sex and breed. The values of ALP, Ck, LDH were higher in Caspian pony than in Iranian Ara1 horse, but serum amylase is higher in Arab horse. Those significant differences were found among the mares of two breeds, but there were no differences in value of Ck among the stalions. Sex related differences were found in value of AST and AIP which were higher in mares than stalions. There were age related differences in values of AST, ALP and LDH which were higher in younger animals and decrease with age, but serum animals and lipase were lower in younger mares and increase with age. Reference values of normal serum enzymes, (AST, ALT, GOT, ALP, CK, LDH , Amylase and Lipase) for Caspian pony are respectively 302.70 ± 5.91, 11.86 ± 0.58, 12.39 ± 0.30, 414.67 ± 12.47 , 235.91 ± 13.50 , 413.37 ± 15.01
10.91 ± 0.42 and 12.34 ± 0.56 for Iranian Arab horse are respectively 309.33 ± 10.04, 12.11 ± 0.52, 11.89 ± 0.61, 257.94 ± 25.01 , 176.61 ± 13.32 , 302.17 ± 21.03
13.89 ± 1.18 and 12.72 ± 1.12.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16721_5b58a24ee8447a5731e0353cf6f791e2.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16722FAJournal Article19700101In order to estimation of best bloodstocks of Silver carp for selection breeding, biometery and reproductive measurement were conducted on 186 of females spawners. Amongst it, 9 spawners were selected for next studies. The measured parameters were contained such as total length, standard length, body weight, Fulton’s index, body height and ratio of thickness, length of head and age. After artificial insemination of bloodstocks, the characteristics of eggs and incubation phases, the ovary weight. working and relation fecundity the number of hatched eggs and resulted larvae were studied. Each spawners were separately expended all stages of artificial propagation. For measuring the condition factor of fingerlings the resulted larvae had grown in separate earthem ponds. In attention to available data for favourable spawners in the ages of 5+ , 6+ 7+ the survey was conducted on these 3 age categories which respectively had a Fulton’s index of k <2.2 , k <2 , 2< K <2.2 . The spawners with Folton’s index more than 2.2 had preference in healthy and survival rate and other factors which ordinaly is selected for good female spawners.In order to estimation of best bloodstocks of Silver carp for selection breeding, biometery and reproductive measurement were conducted on 186 of females spawners. Amongst it, 9 spawners were selected for next studies. The measured parameters were contained such as total length, standard length, body weight, Fulton’s index, body height and ratio of thickness, length of head and age. After artificial insemination of bloodstocks, the characteristics of eggs and incubation phases, the ovary weight. working and relation fecundity the number of hatched eggs and resulted larvae were studied. Each spawners were separately expended all stages of artificial propagation. For measuring the condition factor of fingerlings the resulted larvae had grown in separate earthem ponds. In attention to available data for favourable spawners in the ages of 5+ , 6+ 7+ the survey was conducted on these 3 age categories which respectively had a Fulton’s index of k <2.2 , k <2 , 2< K <2.2 . The spawners with Folton’s index more than 2.2 had preference in healthy and survival rate and other factors which ordinaly is selected for good female spawners.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16722_1e5e1954585ab2f7f959722685753502.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16723FAJournal Article19700101The effects of ? 2 - agonists detomidine at the dose rate (0.4 1ug / kg / min over 10 min), medetomidine (0.2/Ag / kg / min over 10 min) and romifidine (0.4 µg / kg / min over 10 mm) were studied in goats. The drugs induced decreases in body temperature and bradycardia. The drop in body temperature induced by ?2 - agonists was preventend by atipamezole pre - treatment, whereas the induced bradycardia was not modified by this ? 2 - antagonist.The effects of ? 2 - agonists detomidine at the dose rate (0.4 1ug / kg / min over 10 min), medetomidine (0.2/Ag / kg / min over 10 min) and romifidine (0.4 µg / kg / min over 10 mm) were studied in goats. The drugs induced decreases in body temperature and bradycardia. The drop in body temperature induced by ?2 - agonists was preventend by atipamezole pre - treatment, whereas the induced bradycardia was not modified by this ? 2 - antagonist.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16723_4fa0b8f4001711f2c90ada8882e37bc6.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16724FAJournal Article19700101To evaluate the effects of intoxication with trichlorofon on serum biochemical parameters, an experiment was conducted with 60 Silver carp. Experimental fish were divided into 3 different groups:
control group (n = 12), intoxicated group with 0.25 ppm of trichlorofon (n = 24) and intoxicated group with 1 ppm of trichlorofon (n = 24). Blood samples were collected before the administration of trichlorofon for obtaining control values. Following the administration of trichlorofon, blood samples were collected 5 times at 0 , 12 , 24 , 36 and 48 hours post administration. Following the intoxication with 0.25 ppm of trichlorofon, there was no significant difference in any of the serum biochemical parameters. After the intoxication with 1 ppm of trichlorofon the concentration of inorganic phosphorus and the activites of AST, ALT and ALP significantly increased (P <0.05) However, the concentration of total protein, albumin, sodium and blood urea nitrogen significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Following the intoxication with 0.25 ppm and 1 ppm of trichlorofon , in different times of post intoxication. there was no significant difference in any of the biochemical parameters. No significant interaction was observed between dose and time of post intoxication with trichiorofon. This study showed that intoxication with trichlorofon can have profound effects on some serum biochemical parameters of Silver carp.To evaluate the effects of intoxication with trichlorofon on serum biochemical parameters, an experiment was conducted with 60 Silver carp. Experimental fish were divided into 3 different groups:
control group (n = 12), intoxicated group with 0.25 ppm of trichlorofon (n = 24) and intoxicated group with 1 ppm of trichlorofon (n = 24). Blood samples were collected before the administration of trichlorofon for obtaining control values. Following the administration of trichlorofon, blood samples were collected 5 times at 0 , 12 , 24 , 36 and 48 hours post administration. Following the intoxication with 0.25 ppm of trichlorofon, there was no significant difference in any of the serum biochemical parameters. After the intoxication with 1 ppm of trichlorofon the concentration of inorganic phosphorus and the activites of AST, ALT and ALP significantly increased (P <0.05) However, the concentration of total protein, albumin, sodium and blood urea nitrogen significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Following the intoxication with 0.25 ppm and 1 ppm of trichlorofon , in different times of post intoxication. there was no significant difference in any of the biochemical parameters. No significant interaction was observed between dose and time of post intoxication with trichiorofon. This study showed that intoxication with trichlorofon can have profound effects on some serum biochemical parameters of Silver carp.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16724_a054558a0cc584164397b2a3338fd7f4.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16725FAJournal Article19700101Blood samples were collected from wing vein of 110 Japanese quails according to their age (< 1, 3 , 5, and> 5 weeks) and sex. Age had a significant effect on the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and inorganic phosphorus (P < 0.05) as with the increase in age, there was an increase concentration in total protein and cholesterol and a decrease in albumin and inorganic phosphorus. There was no significant difference in any of the serum biochemical parameters of male and female quail’s blood.Blood samples were collected from wing vein of 110 Japanese quails according to their age (< 1, 3 , 5, and> 5 weeks) and sex. Age had a significant effect on the concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol and inorganic phosphorus (P < 0.05) as with the increase in age, there was an increase concentration in total protein and cholesterol and a decrease in albumin and inorganic phosphorus. There was no significant difference in any of the serum biochemical parameters of male and female quail’s blood.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16725_f1390d06bfd790efa5071c3d378b28cd.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16726FAJournal Article19700101In a breeder farm near Tehran, severe infestation to fleas was observed. The thicker the lifter, the more was the infestation rate. Morphological charactristics of the flea were those related to human flea. (P. irritans). Although based on reports and parasitology text, fleas. have, in principle, the charactristic of polyhemophagia and P. irritans live on the blood of other hosts, besides hurnanbeings, this occurs on poultry occasionally. the severity of infestation in some hail was to the extent that the farm workers and even the dwellers around the farm were severly infested. Finding suggested that P. irritans lives well on chicken blood. This infestation lessened and went under control after applying regualr insecticide spary (permethrin) and executing hygienic regulation.In a breeder farm near Tehran, severe infestation to fleas was observed. The thicker the lifter, the more was the infestation rate. Morphological charactristics of the flea were those related to human flea. (P. irritans). Although based on reports and parasitology text, fleas. have, in principle, the charactristic of polyhemophagia and P. irritans live on the blood of other hosts, besides hurnanbeings, this occurs on poultry occasionally. the severity of infestation in some hail was to the extent that the farm workers and even the dwellers around the farm were severly infested. Finding suggested that P. irritans lives well on chicken blood. This infestation lessened and went under control after applying regualr insecticide spary (permethrin) and executing hygienic regulation.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16726_35b8a4eb52500f7b908cc5a3d898c3a2.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16727FAJournal Article19700101The macroscopic studies showed that buffalo small intestine contain two types of peyer’s patches ie. discrete peyer’s patches in the total lenght of Jejunum - ileam (JPP) and a single continuous ileal peyer’s patche in the terminal part of ileum (IPP). The JPP have elliptical shapes and were scattered on mucosal surface of jejunum - ileum. The number of JPP in the cranial part were more than termiani part (P <0.05). The area of JPP in the terminal part of jejunum- ileum in 3-4 years old were more than 6-24 months old (P <0.05). The ileal peyer’s patche was well developed in 6 - 18 months old and after this age, the regression was started, as in macroscopic observations only a few folds were seen in 24 months old and there was no evidence of ileal peyer’s patche in 2.5 years old. The microscopic studies showed that the JPP consisted of pear shape follicles which mainly had placed in submucosa and some of them
had extended to the lamina propria. The interfollicular space were occupy by diffuse lymphoid tissue, There were not seen any regression in the follicles of the JPP in different ages. The IPP consisted of long - sac shape follicles which mainly had placed in submucosa and they rarely penetrated to the lamina propria. The more intersting finding was the regression of IPP, as the number and size of follicles were decreased by age. This regression was more significant in 3- 4 years old buffalo as only a few dispersed follicles were seen in this age.The macroscopic studies showed that buffalo small intestine contain two types of peyer’s patches ie. discrete peyer’s patches in the total lenght of Jejunum - ileam (JPP) and a single continuous ileal peyer’s patche in the terminal part of ileum (IPP). The JPP have elliptical shapes and were scattered on mucosal surface of jejunum - ileum. The number of JPP in the cranial part were more than termiani part (P <0.05). The area of JPP in the terminal part of jejunum- ileum in 3-4 years old were more than 6-24 months old (P <0.05). The ileal peyer’s patche was well developed in 6 - 18 months old and after this age, the regression was started, as in macroscopic observations only a few folds were seen in 24 months old and there was no evidence of ileal peyer’s patche in 2.5 years old. The microscopic studies showed that the JPP consisted of pear shape follicles which mainly had placed in submucosa and some of them
had extended to the lamina propria. The interfollicular space were occupy by diffuse lymphoid tissue, There were not seen any regression in the follicles of the JPP in different ages. The IPP consisted of long - sac shape follicles which mainly had placed in submucosa and they rarely penetrated to the lamina propria. The more intersting finding was the regression of IPP, as the number and size of follicles were decreased by age. This regression was more significant in 3- 4 years old buffalo as only a few dispersed follicles were seen in this age.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16727_592f5ae5cebc6af486943d2dec320a5f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16728FAJournal Article19700101The effects of pH (5 to 7.4) , sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.5 to 3%), potassium sorbate (KS, 0.0 to 3%) and temperature (T, 15 to 35°C) on Lag time (Lag) of growth of Salmonella typhimurium in a model broth (Brain Heart Infusion, BHI) were evaluated in a factorial
design study. The lag time of growth of S. typhimurium was affected
significantly (P < 0.002) by the values of KS, pH , T but not by NaC1,
concentration used in this study (p = 0.5). Regression equation was
derived relating Lag to KS , NaC1, T and pH. From this model the
‘alues of predicted Lag time of S. typhimurium can be calculated
from any combination of KS, NaC1, pH and T within the limits
studied (R2 = 0.82).The effects of pH (5 to 7.4) , sodium chloride (NaCl, 0.5 to 3%), potassium sorbate (KS, 0.0 to 3%) and temperature (T, 15 to 35°C) on Lag time (Lag) of growth of Salmonella typhimurium in a model broth (Brain Heart Infusion, BHI) were evaluated in a factorial
design study. The lag time of growth of S. typhimurium was affected
significantly (P < 0.002) by the values of KS, pH , T but not by NaC1,
concentration used in this study (p = 0.5). Regression equation was
derived relating Lag to KS , NaC1, T and pH. From this model the
‘alues of predicted Lag time of S. typhimurium can be calculated
from any combination of KS, NaC1, pH and T within the limits
studied (R2 = 0.82).https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16728_ccaec0c7bf8fd45cea127099ac6fd21d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16729FAJournal Article19700101There are some freshwater gastropods involve in the life cycle of parasitic trematodes. Therefore, some of these animals, such as Lymnid snails and planorbid gastropods are very important in term o public health and veterinary. For this reasons, a comprehensive snail search had been undertaken in two successive mollusc surveys in the summer of 1989 & June 1999, repectively. Freshwater
gastropods search done through a grant supported financially bythe Tehran Medical Sciences University, School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Research and technically in part by the British Natural History Museum & Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory. Wide varieties of shells and aquatic molluscs were collected from different water bodies. Shells and animals of different taxa sorted as much as possible. Shells put into the suitable jars and labelled versus snails killed first in boiling water & / or minthol, then transferred into the container enclosing 70 % ethanol and labeled. Labelling include name of collector, name of locality and date of collection on a piece of tracing paper with a pencil. Study of shells, living mollusc morphology and anatomic characteristics of alcohol materials used for differentiation. During the snail search, 6 prosobranch taxa identified against 7 pulmonated snails including Anisus vortex (L. 1758). and Falsipyrgula bakhtarana nov. sp. contributed as new species for Iran and zoological world, respectivelyThere are some freshwater gastropods involve in the life cycle of parasitic trematodes. Therefore, some of these animals, such as Lymnid snails and planorbid gastropods are very important in term o public health and veterinary. For this reasons, a comprehensive snail search had been undertaken in two successive mollusc surveys in the summer of 1989 & June 1999, repectively. Freshwater
gastropods search done through a grant supported financially bythe Tehran Medical Sciences University, School of Public Health & Institute of Public Health Research and technically in part by the British Natural History Museum & Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory. Wide varieties of shells and aquatic molluscs were collected from different water bodies. Shells and animals of different taxa sorted as much as possible. Shells put into the suitable jars and labelled versus snails killed first in boiling water & / or minthol, then transferred into the container enclosing 70 % ethanol and labeled. Labelling include name of collector, name of locality and date of collection on a piece of tracing paper with a pencil. Study of shells, living mollusc morphology and anatomic characteristics of alcohol materials used for differentiation. During the snail search, 6 prosobranch taxa identified against 7 pulmonated snails including Anisus vortex (L. 1758). and Falsipyrgula bakhtarana nov. sp. contributed as new species for Iran and zoological world, respectivelyhttps://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16729_3e2b4f1b274097e5654ba8b0a157bd1f.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16730FAJournal Article19700101The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine combination in the horse. Ten healthy horses (3 stallions and 7 mares) weighing 300 - 350 kg and aged between 6- 12 years selected and the skin of sacrococcygeal region prepared for needle placement. Ketamine with the dose of 1 mg / kg and
xylazine with the dose of 0.5 mg / kg prepared in a syringe and injected in caudal epidural region (C1 - C2). The onset, duration and extent of analgesia evaluated after injection. Heart and respiratory rates and also rectal temperature were recorded on 0,5,15,30,60 minutes after injection. This combination caused excellent analgesia of the tail, perineal region, anus and vulva within 9 ± 2.3 minutes and lasted for more than 120 minutes observation period. Evaluation of analgesia was carried out by pin prick test. Heart rate decreased significantly from baseline after 15 minutes. Respiratory rate also reduced significantly after 30 minutes in comparison to baseline. Rectal temperature did not change significantly. In conclusion the results of this study indicate that caudal epidural administration of the combination of ketamine and xylazine with the above mentioned doses could produce good analgesia of the caudel region with minimal cardio - respiratory effects.The objective of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of epidurally administered ketamine and xylazine combination in the horse. Ten healthy horses (3 stallions and 7 mares) weighing 300 - 350 kg and aged between 6- 12 years selected and the skin of sacrococcygeal region prepared for needle placement. Ketamine with the dose of 1 mg / kg and
xylazine with the dose of 0.5 mg / kg prepared in a syringe and injected in caudal epidural region (C1 - C2). The onset, duration and extent of analgesia evaluated after injection. Heart and respiratory rates and also rectal temperature were recorded on 0,5,15,30,60 minutes after injection. This combination caused excellent analgesia of the tail, perineal region, anus and vulva within 9 ± 2.3 minutes and lasted for more than 120 minutes observation period. Evaluation of analgesia was carried out by pin prick test. Heart rate decreased significantly from baseline after 15 minutes. Respiratory rate also reduced significantly after 30 minutes in comparison to baseline. Rectal temperature did not change significantly. In conclusion the results of this study indicate that caudal epidural administration of the combination of ketamine and xylazine with the above mentioned doses could produce good analgesia of the caudel region with minimal cardio - respiratory effects.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16730_cd865032cbca7cfec0b5add2b8cc222d.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16731FAJournal Article19700101Anatomy of the sinu - atrial node was studied in 5 female goats In the goat’s heart, the sinu - atrial node lied 0.18 mm - 0.25 mm beneath the epicardium, at terminal sulcus, near the junction between the cranial vena cava to, lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle, its shape was elongated and relatively cone shaped. Its cranial end was near the myocardium of the right auricle and caudal end was near the myocardiurn of atrial wall. The caudal end was narrower than the cranial end. Average of dimensions of the sinu - atral node were 12.75 mm x 1.5 mm x 1.7 mm. Histologically, the sinu - atrial node of goats contained normally a dense collagen frame and the cells with perinuclear clear zone (P) and transitional cells fE) were the principal cells of paranchyma. since these cells contained less myofilbrils than working myocardium , therefore , they were distinctively paler. The “p” cells were bigger than “T” cells and smaller than the ordinary myocardial cells. At the junction between “T” cells and “P” cells intercalated discs were not seen. The sinu - atrial node of goats lacked the central artery, but near the central section and toward the cranial margin there is a distinct arteriole that supplies the node.Anatomy of the sinu - atrial node was studied in 5 female goats In the goat’s heart, the sinu - atrial node lied 0.18 mm - 0.25 mm beneath the epicardium, at terminal sulcus, near the junction between the cranial vena cava to, lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle, its shape was elongated and relatively cone shaped. Its cranial end was near the myocardium of the right auricle and caudal end was near the myocardiurn of atrial wall. The caudal end was narrower than the cranial end. Average of dimensions of the sinu - atral node were 12.75 mm x 1.5 mm x 1.7 mm. Histologically, the sinu - atrial node of goats contained normally a dense collagen frame and the cells with perinuclear clear zone (P) and transitional cells fE) were the principal cells of paranchyma. since these cells contained less myofilbrils than working myocardium , therefore , they were distinctively paler. The “p” cells were bigger than “T” cells and smaller than the ordinary myocardial cells. At the junction between “T” cells and “P” cells intercalated discs were not seen. The sinu - atrial node of goats lacked the central artery, but near the central section and toward the cranial margin there is a distinct arteriole that supplies the node.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16731_e45d1172d84116c456bf941a2b42b863.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16732FAJournal Article19700101https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16732_662f6649b26c9613a28bcf3e54b379b5.pdfUniversity of Tehran PressJournal of Veterinary Research2008-252555220000722--16733FAJournal Article19700101Ever since man acquired knowledge of himself, he became aware of the certain diseases. This is the first step in medical history and medical research, it is as old as man’s thinking. In this article we will express some aspects of a few medical discoveries specially in the last millennium. The most important medical basis was the theory of four humors or four natures established by Hippocrate, Galen and developed by Avicenna and Jorjani. Najib al Ddin Samarghandi one of the greatest iranian physician (Killed in 1221 A.D.) was the first scientist who did not care about this theory. After medical discoveries of Louis Pasteur and other savants the four humors theory abolished totally. Ibn Nafis Gharshi in 1242 about 300 years before Micael Servetus expresed the theory of the pulmonary circulation.
W. Harway (1578-1657) discovered the blood circulation which was a fundamental basis for physiology. Ibn Gof (d. 1336) expressed anastomosis of arterioles and venules via small valves 4 centuries before M. Malpighi. Rhazes (d. 925) for the first time expressed his fermentation theory
900 years before Louis Pasteur, he said that a ferment in the blood is causal agent of smallpox. Pasteur and Koch in 19th century definitely indicated microbial agents of some infectious diseases. Rhazes wrote the first article on the subject of allergy and Biruni (1048 A.D) mentioned an antibody like theory. The use of liver from a rabid dog on a bitten wound preconised by Avicenna (d. 1038) is a practical application of serotherapy and vaccination. Edward Jenner in 1798 found that inoculation of cowpox has immunizing character against smallpox, then the method of vaccination was applicable. Several diseases were controlled after development of microbiological knowledge but new disease like AIDS was appeared with it’s terrible figure. The never ending struggle between patient and disease is still going on. We must prevent the• recurrence of the deadly diseases in man and animals with the best trying and wisdom.Ever since man acquired knowledge of himself, he became aware of the certain diseases. This is the first step in medical history and medical research, it is as old as man’s thinking. In this article we will express some aspects of a few medical discoveries specially in the last millennium. The most important medical basis was the theory of four humors or four natures established by Hippocrate, Galen and developed by Avicenna and Jorjani. Najib al Ddin Samarghandi one of the greatest iranian physician (Killed in 1221 A.D.) was the first scientist who did not care about this theory. After medical discoveries of Louis Pasteur and other savants the four humors theory abolished totally. Ibn Nafis Gharshi in 1242 about 300 years before Micael Servetus expresed the theory of the pulmonary circulation.
W. Harway (1578-1657) discovered the blood circulation which was a fundamental basis for physiology. Ibn Gof (d. 1336) expressed anastomosis of arterioles and venules via small valves 4 centuries before M. Malpighi. Rhazes (d. 925) for the first time expressed his fermentation theory
900 years before Louis Pasteur, he said that a ferment in the blood is causal agent of smallpox. Pasteur and Koch in 19th century definitely indicated microbial agents of some infectious diseases. Rhazes wrote the first article on the subject of allergy and Biruni (1048 A.D) mentioned an antibody like theory. The use of liver from a rabid dog on a bitten wound preconised by Avicenna (d. 1038) is a practical application of serotherapy and vaccination. Edward Jenner in 1798 found that inoculation of cowpox has immunizing character against smallpox, then the method of vaccination was applicable. Several diseases were controlled after development of microbiological knowledge but new disease like AIDS was appeared with it’s terrible figure. The never ending struggle between patient and disease is still going on. We must prevent the• recurrence of the deadly diseases in man and animals with the best trying and wisdom.https://jvr.ut.ac.ir/article_16733_136b1b8b5e8eef8ddcc9e2cc0309c64b.pdf