بررسی تأثیر غلظتهای مختلف شوری بر بافت آبشش ماهی بنی (Barbus sharpeyi)

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خوزستان، ایران

3 دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

زمینه مطالعه: ماهی بنی از خانواده ی کپورماهیان از گونه‌های مهم و تجاری در منطقه جنوبی ایران و خلیج فارس محسوب شده و از لحاظ تغذیه‌ای و اقتصادی بسیار حائز اهمیت می‌باشد. هدف: با توجه به اهمیت سازگاری ماهیان با شوری‌های مختلف در محیط‌های متفاوت و  قدرت تنظیم یونی و اسمزی و حفظ هموستاز بدن مطالعه اخیر صورت گرفته است. روش کار: برای انجام این پژوهش تعداد 144 قطعه ماهی بنی سالم با میانگین وزنی g 36/2 ± 350 و طول Cm 25/1± 25 در پنج گروه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. گروه اول به عنوان شاهد در آب معمولی شهری کلرزدایی شده و چهار گروه بعدی به ترتیب در غلظت‌هایی شوری ppt 4، 8،  12و 16 در شرایط یکسان نگهداری شدند. در روزهای 1، 3، 7، 14، 21 و 28  از کمان آبششی دوم از سمت چپ نمونه‌هایی به ضخامت حداکثر cm 5/0 تهیه و در محلول بوئن قرار داده شدند. سپس به روش استاندارد و معمول تهیه مقاطع بافتی برش‌هایی به ضخامت µm 6- 5 تهیه و رنگ‌آمیزی H&E بر روی آن‌ها انجام گرفت. نتایج: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که  انتقال تدریجی ماهی بنی به آب با شوری بالا باعث تغییرات واضح در تعداد و نحوه توزیع سلول‌های کلراید در روزهای مختلف نمونه برداری همراه بوده است. بویژه این تغییرات در اندازه این سلول‌ها در دو موضع فیلامنتی و لاملایی مشهود بوده است. نتیجه گیری نهایی: با توجه به روند کاهشی منابع آب شیرین از این تحقیق می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که ماهی بنی تا چه اندازه می‌تواند بدون تغییر در ساختار آبشش در مقابل شوری مقاومت کند. این یافته‌ها نشان داد که ماهی بنی شوری پسند بوده و  غلظت g/l 4 برای آن بهینه و غلظت‌های g/l 12 و 8 برای آن قابل تحمل می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different salinity concentration on gill of benni Barbus sharpeyi

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Morovvati 1
  • Rahim Abdi 2
  • Mohammad Mahdi Shamsi 3
1 Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khozestan, Iran
3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

BACKGROUND: Benni of cyprinidae family is important for nutrition and economic and commercial species in the south of Iran and the Persian Gulf region. OBJECTVES: To investigate the importance of compatibility of fishes with different salinity in different areas and ability of osmoregulation  along with maintenance of homeostasis. METHODS: For this study, 144 healthy Barbus sharpeyi with an average weight of 350±2.36 grams and length 25±1.25 cm in five groups were studied. The first group as control was located in municipal dechlorinated water and the next four groups respectively were kept in salinity 4ppt, 8ppt, 12 ppt and 16ppt in the same condition. On days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 the second gill arch with maximum thickness of 0.5 cm from the left were prepared and  placed in  Bouin’s solution.Then the standard method of paraffin sections was done and tissue sections, 5-6 micrometer thick were prepared and stained with H&E methods. RESULT: Results showed the gradual transfer of fish to water with high salinity caused obvious changes in the number and distribution of chloride cells on different days. In particular, the changes in the size of these cells in two positions, filament and Lamella were evident. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the decrease of freshwater resources, from this research it can be concluded that the Barbus sharpeyi can resist  the salinity without tissue changing. These findings suggest that  Barbus sharpeyi is compatible with salinity and the concentration of 4ppt was optimum and concentrations of 8ppt and 12 ppt were tolerable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barbus sharpeyi
  • salinity
  • Gill
  • chloride cell
Barot, J., Bahadur, A. (2013) Behavioral and histopathological effects of azo dye on kidney and gills of Labeo rohita fingerlings. J Environ Biol. 34: 147- 152.
Boutet, I., Longky, C.L., Bonhomme, F. (2006) A transcriptomic approach of salinity response in the euryhaline teleost., Dicentrarchus labrax. Gene. 379: 40-50.
Bowden, A., Gardiner, N., Couturier, C., Stecyk, J., Nilsson, G. (2014) Alterations in gill structure in tropical reef fishes as a result of elevated temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol. 175: 64-71.
Butchiram, M.S., Vijaykumar, M., Tilak, K.S. (2013) Studies on the histopathological changes in selected tissues of fish Labeo rohita exposed to phenol. J Environ Biol. 34: 247-51.
Carmona, R., Garcia-Gallego, M., Sanz, A., Domezain, A., Ostos-Garrido, M.V. (2004) Chloride cells and pavement cells in gill epithelia of Acipenser naccarii: ultrastructural modifications in seawater-acclimated specimens. J Fish Biol. 64: 553-566.
Chen, C.N., Lin, L.-Y. and Lee, T.-H. (2004) Ionocyte Distribution in Gills of the Euryhaline Milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775). Zool Studies. 43: 773-777.
Denson, M.,Stuart, K.and Smith, T. (2003) Effects of salinity survival, growth and hematological parameters of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. J World Aqua Society. 34: 496-504.
Evans, D.H. (2008) Teleost fish osmoregulation: what have we learned since August Krogh,Homer Smith, and Ancel Keys. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 295: R704-R713.
Evans, D.H., Claiborne, J.B. (2006) The physiology of fishes (3rd ed.). CRC press. New York, USA.
Evans, D.H., Piermarini, P.M., Choe, K.P. (2005) The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Physiol Rev. 85: 97-177.
Fielder, D.S., Allan, G., Pepperall, D., Pankhurst, P.M. (2007) The effects of changes in salinity on osmoregulation and chloride cell morphology of juvenile Australian snapper, Pagrus auratus. Aqua. 272:656-666.
Hiroi, J., Mc Cormick, S. (2007) Variation in salinity tolerance, gill Na+/K+-ATPase, Na +/K+/2Cl− cotransporter and mitochondria-rich cell distribution in three salmonids Salvelinus namaycush, Salvelinus fontinalis and Salmo salar. J Exp Biol. 210: 1015-1024.
Hirose, S., Kaneko , T., Naito , N., Takei, Y. (2003) Molecular biology of major components of chloride cells. J Com Biochem Physiol. Part B. 136: 593-620.
Inoue, K., Takei, Y. (2003) Diverse adaptability in Oryzias species to high environmental salinity. Zool Sci. 11: 35-41.
Kaneko, T., Shiraishi, K., Katoh, F., Hasegawa, S., Hiroi, J. (2008) Chloride cells during early life stages of fish and their functional differentiation. Fisheries Sci. 68: 1 -9.
Kevin, M.P., Alan, T.H., Paul, L.K., Paul, L.L. (2008) Adaptation as a potential response to sea-level rise: a genetic basis for salinity tolerance in populations of a coastal marsh fish. Evol Appl. 1: 155-160.
Khodabandeh, S., Khoshnood, Z., Mosafer, S. (2009b) Immunolocalization of Na+, K+- ATPase-rich cells in the gill and urinary system of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, fry. Aquaculture Res. 40: 329 -336.
Lin, H.C., Sung, W.T. (2003) The distribution of mitochondria-rich cells in the gills of air-breathing fishes. Physiol Biochem Zool. 76: 215-228.
Lin, Y.M., Chen, C.N., Lee, T.H. (2003) The expression of gill Na,K-ATPase in milkfish, Chanos chanos, acclimated to seawater, brackish water and freshwater. Comp Biochem Physiol A. 135: 489-497.
Dehghan Madiseh, S., Savary, A., Parham, H., Sabzalizadeh, S. (2009) Determination of the levels of contamination in Khuzestan coastal waters by using an ecological risk index. Environ Monit Assess. 159: 521-530.
Palstra, A., Planas, J. (2012) Swimming Physiology of Fish: Towards Using Exercise to Farm a Fit Fish in Sustainable. Aqua. 61: 101-108.
Perry, S.F., Lopez, L.R., McNeill, B., Wilson, J. (2006) Fooling a freshwater fish: how dietary salt transforms the rainbow trout gill into a seawater gill phenotype. J Exp Biology. 209: 4591-4596
Rodriguez, A., Gallardo, M.A., Gisbert, E., Santilari, S., Ibarz, A., Sanchez, J., Castello, O. (2002) Osmoregulation in juvenile Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. Fish Physiol Biochem. 26: 345-354.
Tang, C.H., Wu, W.Y., Tsai, S.C., Yoshinaga, T., Lee, T.H. (2010) Elevated Na+, K+-ATPase responses and its potential role in triggering ion reabsorption in kidneys for homeostasis of marine euryhaline milkfish Chanos chanos when acclimated to hypotonic fresh water. J Comp Physiol. 180: 813 -824.
Tsuzuki, M.Y., Cerqueira, V.R., Teles, A., Doneda, S. (2007) Salinity tolerance of laboratory reared juveniles of the fat snook centropomus parallelus. Brazilian J Oceanography. 55: 97-102.
Wang, P., Lin, C., Hwang, L., Huang, C., Lee, T., Hwang, P. (2013) Differential responses in gills of euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, to various hyperosmotic shocks. Comparative Biochem and Physiol. 152 : 544-551.
Wang, P., Lin, C., Hwang, L., Huang, C., Lee, T., Hwang, P. (2009) Differential responses in gills of euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, to various hyperosmotic shocks. Comparative Biochem and Physiol. 152: 544-551.
Wegner, N.C., Sepulveda, C.A., Bull, K.B., Graham, J.B. (2010) Gill morphometrics in relation to gas transfer and ram ventilation in high-energy demand teleosts: Scombrids and billfishes. J Morphol.  271: 36-49.
Wilson, J.M., D.J., Randall, M., Donowitz, A.W., Vogl, A. (2000) Immunolocalization of ion-transport proteins to branchial epithelium mitochondria-rich cells in the mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri. J Exp Biol. 203: 2297-2310.