Identification and isolation of rumen fungi of baluchi sheep in Sistan

Authors

1 Graduated from the Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

2 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol Respectively, Zabol, Iran

3 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Based on the information no research has been done on the identification and isolation of anaerobic fungi in the Baloochi sheep’s rumen in the dry climate up to now. Objectives: The purpose of this research was the separation and study of the appearance morphology of anaerobic fungi in the Baloochi sheep’s rumen in Sistan region. Methods: The semi-defined medium environment was used in this research for cultivation, separation and purification of anaerobic fungi. Sampling from the solid and liquid contents of 50 Baloochi sheep was done randomly in Zabol slaughterhouse and these samples were used as the source of fungus to inoculation to culture. The roll bottle method was used for purification of rumen fungi. The antibiotic solutions (ampicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol) were used for inhibiting growth of bacteria. Samples of pure fungi were transferred to culture and were observed after growth in glass slide with light microscope. The separated fungi were all monocentric and had rhizoid. Results: With regard to morphologic characteristics the genera of Neocallimastix and Piromyces and species of Piromyces communis, Piromyces minutus, Piromyces rhizinflata, Caecomyces communis was isolated in rumen of Baloochi sheep. Conclusions: With identification of these fungi species in rumen of Baloochi sheep, it is recommended to perform molecular test and enzyme extraction for further survey of characteristics in future research.

Keywords


Akin, D.E., Gordon, G.L.R., Rigsby, L. (1989) Comparative fiber degradation by mixed rumen fungi from Astralian and USA cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 23: 305-321.
Barr, D.J.S. (1995) Contributions on the morphology and taxonomy of some rumen fungi from Canada. LIV. Mycotaxon. 54: 203-214.
Barr, D.J.S., Kudo, H., Jackober, K.D., Cheng, K.J. (1989) Morphology and development of rumen fungi: Neocallimastix sp., Piromyces communis and Orpinomyces bovis, gen. nov, sp. nov. Can J Bot. 67: 2815-2824.
Bauchop, T. (1979) Rumen anaerobic fungi of cattle and sheep. Appl Environment Microbiology. 38: 148-158.
Breton, A., Dusser, M., Gaillard-Martinie, B., Guillot, J., Millet, L. Prensier, G. (1991) Piromyces rhizinflata a species of strictly anaerobic fungus from feces of the Saharan ass: a morphological, metabolic and ultrastructural study. FEMS Microbiol Ecology. 66: 1-8.
Breton, A., G-Martinie, B., Gerbi, C., Gomez, S.B., Durand, R., Kherratia, B. (1995) Location by fluorescence microscopy of glycosidases and a xylanase in the anaerobic gut fungi Caecomyces communis, Neocallimastix frontalis, and Piromyces rhizinflata. Curr J Clin Microbiol. 31: 224-227.
Chamani, M., Rezaeian, M., Ershad, J., Jameie, P. (2004) Identification and study of morphological, biochemical, and metabolic characteristics of anaerobic fungus Caecomyces communis in rumen of sheep and goat. J Agic Sci. 10: 117-134.
Gaillard, B., Citron, A. (1989) Ultrastructural study of two rumen fungi: Piromonas communis and Sphaeromonas communis. Curr J Clin Microbiol .18: 83-86.
Gerbi, C., Bata, J., Breton, A., Prensier, G. (1996) Glycoside and polysaccharide hydrolase activity of the rumen anaerobic fungus Caecomyces communis (Sphaeromonas communis SENSU ORPIN) at early and final stages of the developmental cycle. Curr J Clin Microbiol. 32: 256-259.
Hebraud, M., Fevre, M. (1988) Characterization of Glycoside and polysaccharide hydrolases secreted by the rumen anaerobic fungi Neocallimastix frontalis, sphaeromonas communis and Piromonas communis. J Gen Microbiol. 134: 1123-1129.
Ho, Y.W., Barr D.J.S., Abdullah N., Jalaludin, S., Kudo, H. (1993) A new species of Piromyces from the rumen of deer in Malaysia. Mycotaxon. 47: 285-293.
Ho, Y.W., Khoo, I.Y.S., Tan, S.G., Abdullah, N., Jalaludin, S., Kudo, H. (1994) Isozyme analysis of anaerobic rumen fungi and their relationship to aerobic chytrids. J Clin Microbiol. 140: 1495-1504.
Ho, Y.W., Bar, D.J.S. (1995) Classification of anaerobic fungi from herbivores with emphasis on rumen fungi from Malaysia. Mycologia. 87: 655-677.
Hungate, R.E. (1966) The rumen bacteria. In: The Rumen and Its Microbes. Hungate, R.E. (ed.). Academic Press Inc. New York, London. p. 8-90.
Joblin, K.N. (1981) Isolation, enumeration and maintenance of rumen anaerobic fungi in roll tubes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 42: 1119-1122.
Li, J., Heath, I.B. (1993) Chytridiomycetous gut fungi, oft overlooked contributors to herbivore digestion. Can J Microbiol. 39: 1003-1013.
Lowe, S.E., Theodorou, M.K., Trinci, A.P.J., Hespell, R.B. (1985) Growth of anaerobic rumen fungi on defined and Semi defined media lacking rumen fluid. J Gen Microbiol. 131: 2225-2229.
Lowe, S.E., Theodorou, M.K., Trinci, A.P.J. (1987) Isolation of anaerobic fungi from saliva and faeces of sheep. J Gen Microbiol. 133: 1829-1834.
Morrison, M., Mackie, R.I., Kistner, A. (1990) Evidence that cellulolysis by an anaerobic ruminal fungus is catabolite regulated by glucose, cellobiose, and soluble microscopy of glycosidases and a xylanase starch. Appl Environ Microbiology. 56: 3227-3229.
Orpin, C.G. (1975) Studies on the rumen flagellate Neocallimastix frontalis. J Gen Microbiol. 91: 249-262.
Orpin, C.G. (1976) Studies on the rumen flagellate Sphaeromonas communis. J Gen Microbiol. 94: 270-280.
Orpin, C.G. (1977) The rumen flagellate Piromonas communis: its life-history and invasion of plant material in the rumen. J Gen Microbiol. 99: 107-117.
Paul, S.S., Kamra, D.N., Sastry, V.R.B., Agarwal, N. (2004) Effect of administration of an anaerobic gut fungus isolated from wild blue bull to buffaloes on in vivo ruminal fermentation and digestion of nutrients. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 115: 143-157.
Phillips, M.W., Gordon, G.L.R. (1989) Growth characteristics on cellobiose of three different anaerobic fungi isolation from the ovine rumen. Appl Environ Microbiol. 55: 1695-1702.
Sakurada, M., Morgavi, D.P., Tomita, Y., Onodera, R. (1995) Chitinolytic activity of the anaerobic rumen fungus Piromyces communis OTS1. Curr Microbiol. 31: 206-209.
Theodorou, M.K., Longland, A.C., Dhanoa, M.S., Lowe S.E., Trinci, A.P.  (1989) Growth of Neocallimastix sp. strain R1 on Italian ryegrass hay: removal of neutral sugars from plant cell walls. Appl Environ Microbiol. 55: 1363-7.
Teunissen, M.J., Smits, A.A.M., Opden Camp, H.J.M., Huis in’t Veld, J.H.J., Vogels, G.D. (1991) Fermentation of cellulose and production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by anaerobic fungi from ruminant and non-ruminant herbivores. Arch Microbiol. 156: 290-296.
Wubah, D.A., Fuller, M.S. (1991) Studies on Caecomyces communis: morphology and development. Mycologia. 83: 303-310.
Wubah, D.A., Fuller, M.S., Akin, D.E. (1991) Neocallimastix: a comparative morphological study. Can J Bot. 69: 835-843.