A serological survey on strangles disease in horses of some areas in Khuzestan province by ELISA

Authors

1 Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

4 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Strangles is caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The bacteria typically infect the upper respiratory system and lymph nodes of the head and neck in equidae. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of strangles and association of this infection with host age and geographical determinants in horses in Khuzestan province. METHODS: Serum samples from 184 horses were randomly collected in Ahvaz, Shoushtar, Baghmalek, Shoush, Abadan, Ramhormoz and Dezfool cities and were examined by ELISA assay. Also, 85 swab samples were randomly taken from nasal swab of horse and evaluated for Streptococcus equi subspecies equi by bacterial culture. RESULTS: Seroprevalence rate of strangle was 37.5% (95% CI: 30.5-44.5%). Logistic regression showed that the odds of infection between the age based on year and disease was 1.1 (95% CI: 1.04-1.17) (p<0.001), and with increase of 1 year-old, odds of infection increase 10%. Relative frequency of infection in male and female horses was 32.73 and 39.53%, respectively (p>0.05) and odds of infection in female compared with male horses was 1.34 (95% CI: 0.69-2.61). Prevalence rate in horses with and without history of respiratory disease was 94.1% and 31.74%, respectively (p<0.001). The odds of infection in horses with history of respiratory disease compared with  healthy horses was 34.42 (95%CI: 4.45-266.37). Prevalence rate in  Ahvaz, Shoushtar, Baghmalek, Shoush, Abadan, Ramhormoz and Dezfool  was 33.3%, 34.62%, 5.26%, 69.23%, 13.04, 22.22% and 75%,  respectively (p<0.001). Geographical location explained 29.6% of infection’s fluctuations. No isolate of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi was obtained in culture of nasal swab samples. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that seroprevalence of strangles should be deleted in khuzestan province is high and Prevention and control measurements should be considered by health authorities.

Keywords

References

 
Al-Ghamdi, G.M. (2008) Determination prevalence of strangles in Saudi Arabia. Res J Biol Sci. 3: 1137-1139.
Anzai, T., Nakanishi, A., Wada, R., Higuchi, T., Hagiwara, S.,Takazawa, M., Oobayashi, K., Inoue, T. (1997) Isolation of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi from Thoroughbred horses in a racehorse breeding area of Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 59: 1031-1033.
Boyle, A. G., Sweeney, C. R., Kristula, M., Boston, R., Smith, G. (2009) Factors associated with likelihood of horses having a high serum Streptococcus equi SeM-specific antibody titer. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 235: 973-977.
Davidson, A., Traub-Dargatz, J.L., Magnuson, R., Hill, A., Irwin, V., Newton, R., Waller, A., Smith, K., Callan, R.J., Meehan, M., Owen, P., Salman, M. (2008) Lack of correlation between antibody titers to fibrinogen-binding protein of Streptococcus equi and persistent carriers of strangles. J Vet Diagn Invest. 20: 457-462.
Harrington, D.J., Sutcliffe, I.C., Chanter, N. (2002) The molecular basis of Streptococcus equi infection and disease. Microbes Infect. 4: 501-510.
Hassanpour, A.  (2014) A study on the serumic levels of cardiac troponin and some enzymes in horses with strangles. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 4: 7-9.
Ijaz, M., Khan, M.S., Dourani, A.Z., Saleem, M.H., Chaudhry, A.S., Ali, M.M., Mehmood, K., Shahzad, W. (2012) Prevalence and haemato-biochemical studies of strangles (Streptococcus equi) affected horses in Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 22: 295-299.
Jannatabadi, A.A., Mohammadi, G.R., Rad, M., Maleki, M. (2008) Molecularidentification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus in nasal swabs samples from horse suffering respiratory infections in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci. 11: 468-471.
Jorm, L.R. (1991) Strangles in horse studs: incidence, risk factors and effect of vaccination. Aust Vet J. 67: 436-439.
Kazemi Asl, S.A., Hassanpour, A., Amoughli Tabrizi, B. (2013) Comparative assessment the serum values of Iron, phosphorous and cobalt in both healthy and horses with strangles. Euro J Exp Bio. 3: 513-518.
Khoo, L.L., Maswati, M.A., Roseliza, R., Rosnah, Y., Saifu Nazari, R., Ramlan, M. (2011) Isolation of streptococcus equi during strangles surveillance in peninsular Malaysia. Malays J Vet Res. 2: 27-32.
Knowles, E.J., Mair, T.S., Butcher, N., Waller, A.S., Wood, J.L. (2010) Use of a novel serological test for exposure to Streptococcus equi subspecies equi in hospitalised horses. Vet Rec. 166: 294-297.
Nara, P.L., Krakowka, S., Powers, T.E., Garg, R.C. (1983) Experimentally Streptococcus equi infection in the horses: Correlation with in vivo and in vitro immune responses. Am J Vet Res. 44: 529-534.
Noormohamadzadeh, F., Abdollahpour, F.G., Khajeh-Nasiri, S.M. (1992) Epizootiological investigation of strangles in the equine stables in Tehran. J Equ Vet Sci. 12: 401-402.
Patty, O.A., Cursons, R.T. (2014) The molecular identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi strains isolated within New Zealand. N Z Vet J. 62: 63-67
Piche, C.A. (1984) Clinical Observations on an Outbreak of Strangles. Can Vet J. 25: 7-11.
Stewart, G.C. (2013) Streptococcus and Enterococcus. In: Veterinary Microbiology. Vol 1. McVey, D.S., Kenedy, M., Chengappa, M.M. (eds.). (3rd ed.) Wiley-Blackwell published, Oxford. p. 194-203.
Sweeney, C.R., Benson, C.E., Whitlock, R.H., Meirs, D.A., Barningham, S.O., Whitehead, S.C., Cohen, D. (1989) Description of an epizootic and persistence of Streptococcus equi infection in horses. J Vet Med Assoc. 194: 1281-1286.
Sweeney, C.R., Timoney, J.F., Newton, J.R., Hines, M.T. (2005) Streptococcus equi infections in horses: guidelines for treatment, control, and prevention of strangles. J Vet Internal Med. 19: 123-134.
Vukovic, V. (1961) Strangles in Sarajevo during 1952-1959. Veterinaria (Sarajevo). 10: 125-128.
Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 71, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
December 2016
Pages 373-379

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics