مطالعه اثرات تجویز خوراکی نانو ذرات نقره بر برخی بافت‌های حیاتی ماهی زبرا (Danio rerio)

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران

2 بخش بهداشت و بیماریهای آبزیان، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیلاتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 گروه بهداشت و بیماریهای آبزیان دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه تهران- دکتری دامپزشکی و بیماریهای آبزیان

چکیده

زمینه مطالعه: در سال‌های اخیر فن‌آوری نانو بویژه استفاده از این مواد در آبزی پروری گسترش یافته که دارای تأثیرات مثبت و منفی بر روی آبزیان است. هدف: هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر کاربرد و اثرات استفاده مستقیم (تجویز خوراکی) نانو ذرات نقره در جیره غذایی ماهی زبرا (Danio rerio) می‌باشد. روش کار: برای سنجش استاندارد بودن نانو ذرات نقره مورد استفاده توسط روش‌های TEM، SEM، EDX و طیف سنجی UV-Vis، در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ویژگی‌های این کلوئید با موفقیت ارزیابی گردید. در مطالعه سمیت حاد (LC50 96 ساعته) تعداد 540 ماهی زبرا ( میانگین وزن g 5/0± 2)، به 9تیمار در سه تکرار که در معرض غلظت‌های mg/kgfood 0، 10، 50، 100، 200، 400، 600، 800 و 1000 قرار گرفتند، تقسیم گردیدند (OECD، 2000). پس از تعیین غلظت کشنده به منظور بررسی ضایعات میکروسکوپی بافت‌های کبد، روده، آبشش و کلیه ماهی زبرا از غلظت های زیر کشنده (100mg/kgfood، 400، 600 و 800) استفاده گردید. ماده مورد استفاده بصورت همگن با خوراک ماهی زبرا مخلوط شده و به مدت 8 هفته ماهی‌ها با خوراک مخصوص هر تیمار تغذیه گردیدند. سپس به منظور سنجش نانو ذرات نقره در بافت‌های ماهی از روش هضم مرطوب، با کمک دستگاه کوره گرافیتی استفاده گردید. نتایج: بر اساس نتایج آزمون های سم شناسی حاد میزان LC50 96 ساعته نانو ذرات نقره در 24، 48، 72 و 96 ساعت به ترتیب mg/kgfood 601/804 ، 637/486، 696/323، 208/195 محاسبه گردید. مهمترین ضایعات میکروسکوپی و هیستوپاتولوژیک به ترتیب در بافت‌های کبد؛ (پرخونی عروق و سینوزوئیدها، دژنراسیون هپاتوسیت‌ها)، روده؛ (همجوشی قسمت‌هایی از لایه های مخاطی روده، تنگ شدن مجرای روده) آبشش و در کلیه نیز مشاهده گردید. بیشترین تجمع زیستی نقره به ترتیب در بافت‌های کبد، آبشش و ماهیچه اتفاق افتاد (05/۰>p). نتیجه گیری نهایی: با توجه به آسیب‌های مشاهده شده، استفاده از این نانو ذرات در آبزی پروری و تغذیه ماهیان با این نانو ذرات به عنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی و نیز رهایش آن‌ها به محیط زیست توصیه نمی‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of nano-silver particles on some vital tissues of Zebra fish (Danio rerio) fed via oral administration

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tahereh Yazdanparast 1
  • issa sharifpour 2
  • Mahdi Soltani 3
1 Faculty of Fishery, Islamic Azad University of Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

BACKGROUND: This study was initiated to improve our understanding  of the health and environmental impact of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is application and direct effects of silver nanoparticles on Zebra fish (Danio rerio). METHODS: After characterizing the AgNPs using TEM, EDX, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, XRF and SEM methods, their effects on some vital tissues have been tested successfully in vitro. In this study, 540 fish (2±0.05 g) were randomly divided into 9 groups in triplicate for acute tests (0,10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kgfood). After short term (96h), chronic toxicity tests were evaluated using under lethal concentration (100, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kgfood) fed with experimental diet for 8 weeks. Fish in groups 1 to 4 were fed by food supplemented with 100, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg food, respectively. Group 5 was fed with basal food without supplementation. After histopathology, heavy metals were measured by spectrum photometry reveal. RESULTS: According to the results of acute tests, the 96h LC50 values in 24, 48, 72 and 96h were 804.601, 486.637, 323.696 and 195.208 mg/kgfood AgNPs for the Zebra fishes respectively. According to the results of chronic toxicity tests, fed via oral administration of AgNPs produced significant histopathological effects. Also, the most important histopathological effects of AgNPs were observed in the liver (vasculature and exposure, degeneration of some hepatocytes), intestine (increase in the submucosa layer, narrowing of the intestinal lumen  and reduced intestinal absorption), gills (clubbing of gill secondary lamaleas, hyperplasia, hyperemia and shortening of the primary lamaleas gills) and kidney (degeneration, high increase in interstitial cells and dilatation of Bowman’s space of glomeruli), respectively. The greatest bioaccumulation of silver occurred in the liver, gills and muscle of fish respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The release of untreated nanoparticle waste to the environment should be restricted for the well-being of human and aquatic species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioaccumulation
  • zebra fish (Danio rerio)
  • LC50
  • Histopathology
  • Silver nanoparticles

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