The development of modem surgical techniques in companion animals necessitates the development of newer modifications in anesthetic induction, maintenace and fluid therapy. Especially in the shock cases and some other urgent conditions such as conclusions, complicated fractures, bums, poor peripheral circulation and collapsed veins, it is necessary to administer fluid, resucitative and even anesthetic drugs as soon as possible. But in many of these conditions due to the collapsed or inaccessible veins it is impossible to reach the systemic circulation through them or this can be time consuming. Therefore in these cases other routes for drug and fluid administration such as intraosseous would be beneficial. There are few reports upon intraosseous fluid therapy in dogs but there is no report on the intraosseous injection of anesthetic drugs. Therefore the main purpose of this study was to identify the applicability of the intraosseous administration of these drugs, to monitor the physiological alteration following it in comparison with intravenous route and to study the probable side effects. On the other hand the effectiveness of intraosseous fluid therapy was surveyed. In this study 16 mixed breed dogs (9 males and 7 females, average, weight of 18.95±5.25 kg, average age of 3.3 1±1.2 years) were divided randomly to two intravenous and intraosseous groups. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg-IM) was administered in each of the animals as a premedicant. After 10 minutes a mixture of acepromazine (0.2 mg/kg) and ketamine (2mg/kg) was administered through the cephalic vein in the intravenous group to induce the anesthesia. In the intraosseous group after surgical disinfection, local anesthesia and a stab skin incision in the medial flat surface of the left tibial bone, the mentioned latter mixture was adminstered into the bone marrow through a gauge 18 needle. Fluid therapy was achieved by infusion of Ringers’ solution through the same route, as the anesthetic induction was performed, in the intravenous group (with the rate of 3 ml/minute) and intraosseous group (with the maximum possible rate). Heart and respiratory rates were monitored before premedication and after it every 5 minutes until 30 minutes postinduction. Mean direct arterial blood pressure was monitored with the mentioned interval and
duration, after anesthetic induction. Anesthetic reflexes were detected continuosuly in the period of anesthesia. The maximum rate of intraosseous fluid therapy was also determined in the related group. Leukocyte and erythrocyte numbers, leukocyte differential count and hemoglobin, hematocrite and total serum protein concentration were detected before the examination and in the days 1,3,5 and 7 after it. Proper radiographic views were prepared from the site of injection in the intraosseous group, before the examination, immediately and in the 14” day after it. The obtained statistical data were compared within and between the groups by Analysis of Variance and Duncan tests in the SPSS program and (P<0.05) was considered a level of significant. Heart rate was increased after anesthetic induction in both groups. Respiratory rate also was decreased in both groups after injection of anesthetic drugs. But there was not any significant difference in these factors between two groups. The depth of anesthetic reflex depression and onset of action of anesthetic drugs were similar in both groups. The number of neutrophils was increased in the third day of the experiment in the intraosseous group and as there was not sign of infection or even inflammation in the site of injection, this may be due to flushing effect of the administered fludis in this group. Radiographic interpretation showed mild sclerosis in the injection site in 3 cases (37.5%) which is a response to the irritant effect of the administered drugs specially ketamine. The average rate of intraosseous fluid administration was 5 mI/mm. According to the obtained data induction of a short lasting ane
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