Eimeria infection in dairy cattle of industrial farms in kangavar suburban of Kermanshah province, Iran

Authors

1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran

2 Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia-Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Eimeria infection is an important part of protozoal infection in ruminants which causes economic lost in animal husbandry of Iran and worldwide. Therefore it is important to implement effective control programs on the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in livestocks. OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to determine prevalence and Eimeria species diversity in dairy cattle with different age groups under industrial management. METHODS: The present study was carried out in industrial cattle husbandry of Kangavar suburban of Kermanshah province, Iran, from spring 2011 to 2012. A total of 307 fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from the rectum of examined animals. The fecal specimens were subjected for flotation technique and collect Eimeria oocysts. The intensity of infection was determined using McMater method. Eimeria species diversity and frequency was also determined by using oocyst sporulation technique in 2.5% potassium dichromate. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 31.92% (98 out of 307). The highest prevalence was found in dairy cattle (37%) with 1-3 years old. There was no significant difference between prevalence and different age groups. The highest frequency was significantly in spring (41.66%). The intensity was variable in examined animals which ranged from 3.18×103 to 2.71×105. There was no significant difference between the prevalence and intensity in all age groups. Fecal consistency findings revealed that the highest infection was significantly in dairy cattle with normal fecal consistency in all age groups. According to Laboratory identification, a number of seven Eimeria species were detected in all infected animals. The most common specie was E. zuernii (28.25%) in 5% dairy cattle (1-3 years-old) in spring (30%) and summer (30%). There was significant association between frequency of Eimeria infection and each season during the course of the study. All infected cattle had mixed infections with two (42.85%) and three (3.15%) species of Eimeria. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated that cattle Eimeria infection was a problem in dairy cattle of industrial farms in the region. Attention should be paid within seasonal infection in young cattle to avoid probable clinical coccidiosis, particularly in farms with poor hygienic conditions and no prophylactic treatments.

Keywords

References

Arslan, M.O., Tuzer, E. (1998) Prevalence of bovine eimeridosis in Thracia, Turkey. Turk  Veterinerlik  ve Hayvancilik  Dergisi.  22: 161-164.
Blood, D.C., Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C. (1994) Diseases Caused by Protozoa. (8th ed.). International Veterinary Medicine, Bailliere, London, UK.
Chibunda, Rt., Muhairwa, A.P., Kambarage, D.M. (1997) Eimeriosis in dairy cattle farms in Morogoro municipality of Tanzania. Prev Vet Med. 31: 191-197.
Cornelissen, A.W.C.A., Verstegen, R., Van den Brand, H. et al. (1995) An observational study of Eimeria species in housed cattle on Dutch dairy farms. Vet Parasitol. 56: 7-16.
Cox, F.E. (1998) Control of coccidiosis. Int J Vet Med. 28: 165-179.
Daugschies, A., Najdrowski, M. (2005) Eimeriosis in cattle: Current understanding. J Vet Med. 52: 417-427.
Eckert, J.M., Taylor, J., Catchpole, D., Licois, D., Coudret,. P., Buclar, H. (1995) Identification of Eimeria species and strains. In: Biotechnology; Guidelines on Techniques in Coccidiosis Research. (3rd ed.). Brussels, Luxembourg. Brussels, Belgium. p. 103-119.
Ernst, J.V., Benz, G.W. (1986) Intestinal coccidiosis in cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2: 283-291.
Georgi, J.R., Georgi, M.E., Theodorides, V.J. (1999) Parasitology for Veterinarians. (7th ed.) W.B. Saunder Company, London, UK.                               
Gorman, T., Alcaino, H., Santelices, J. (1989) Cryptosporidium yotras coccidias intestinales en terneros de Iecheria. Region Metropolitana. Chile. Arch Med Vet Chile. 21: 29-34.
Gulliksen, S.M., Jor, E., Lie, K. I., Hamnes, I. S., Løken, T., Åkerstedt, J., Østerås, O. (2009) Enteropathogens and risk factors for diarrhea in Norwegian dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 9: 5057-5066.
Hendrix, C.M. (1998) Diagnostic Veterinary Medicine. (2nd ed.). Mosby Publisher. St. Louis, USA.
John, G., Kirkpatrick, A. (1998) Coccidiosis in cattle Oklahoma. Vet Med. 9: 129-136.                             
Karim, M.J., Begum, N., Rahman, M.H. (1990) Age susceptibility and seasonal dynamics of coccidiosis in cattle and sheep. Bangladesh Veterinarian. 7: 22-26.
Koutny, H., Joachim, A., Baumqartner, W. (2012) Bovine Eimeria species in Austria. Parasitol Res. 110: 1893-1910.
Matjila, P.T., Penzhorn, B.L. (2002) Occurrence and diversity of bovine coccidia at three localities in South Africa. Vet Parasitol. 104: 93-102.
Muirhead, S. (1989) Coccidiosis infections often go undetected in beef, dairy cattle. Feedstuffs. 15:87.
Munyua, W.K., Ngotho, J.W. (1990) Prevalence of Eimeria species in cattle in Kenya. Vet Parasitol. 35:163-168.
Mundt, H.C., Bangoura, B., Mengel, H., Keidel, J., Daugschies, A. (2005) Control of clinical coccidiosis of calves due to Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii with toltrazuril under field conditions. Parasitol Res. 97: 134–142.
Murray J, Kennedy, A., Robert, A., Kralka, R.A. (1987) A Surrey of Eimenia spp. in cattle in Central Alberta.Can Vet J. 28: 124 -125.
Oda, K., Nishida, Y. (1990) Prevalence and distribution of bovine coccidian in Japan. Jpn J Vet Sci. 52: 71-77.
Pandit, B.A. (2009) Prevalence of coccidiosis in cattle in Kashmir Valley. Vet Scan. 4: 16-20.
Pilarczyk, B., Balika-Ramisz, A., Ramisz, A. (2000) Studies on coccidiosis in cattle in northwest Poland. J Polish Agric Univ, series animal husbandry. 3: 1-4.
Raote, Y.V., Narsapur, V.S., Niphadkar, S.M. (1989) Studies on coccidial infection in bovines in Bombay region (Maharashtra). J Bombay Vet Coll.1: 49-53.
Razavi, S.M., Hassanvand, A. (2006) A survey on prevalence of different Eimeria species in goats in Shiraz Suburb. Iran J Vet Med, University of Tehran. 4: 373-376.
Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V., Santaniello, M., Sesana, R.C., Seno, L.O., Jun Iti, M., Yokoo, R.V. (2004) Coccidia of the genus Eimeria in pasturing cattle. Large Anim Rev. 10: 13-18.          
Soulsby, E.J.L. (1986) Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. (8th ed.). Philadelphia, USA.
Svensson, C. (1997) The survival and transmission of oocysts of Eimeria alabamensis in hay. Vet Parasitol. 69: 211-218.
Taylor, M.A., Catchpole, J. (1994) Coccidiosis of domestic ruminants. Appl Parasitol. 35: 73-86.
Thrusfield, M. (1997) Veterinary Epidemiology. (2nd ed.), Blackwell Sciences. Osney Mead, Oxford, UK.
Toaleb, N.I., El-Moghazy, F.M., Hassan, S.E. (2011) Diagnosis of eimeriosis in cattle by ELISA using partially purified antigen. World Appl Sci J. 12: 33-38.                                      
Yakhchali, M., Golami, E. (2009) Prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Sanandaj city (Kurdistan province), Iran. Pajouhesh va Sazandegi. (In Persian). 78: 81-87.
Yakhchali M., Zarei, M.R. (2008) A survey of frequency and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle and buffalo in Tabriz region. Iran Vet J. 4: 94-102.
Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 70, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2015
Pages 263-271

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics