The effect of nanocopper and mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility and performance in broiler chickens

Authors

1 Graduate Student in poultry nutrition, Shiraz University, Shiraz- Iran

2 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz- Iran

3 Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Shiraz University, Shiraz- Iran

4 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz- Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Following the ban on the use of growth stimulant antibiotics in many countries, interest has arisen in finding  a suitable alternative for antibiotics in poultry production. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of two levels of nano-copper (0 and 100 mg/kg) and two levels of mannan oligosaccharide (0 or 1 g/kg) as natural growth stimulants on digestibility of nutrients and performance in broiler chicks. METHODS: At the end of the second week of breeding, 160 Cobb-500 broiler chicks were assigned in four treatment groups. For each treatment, four replicates (10 chicks per replicate) were considered. Experiment was conducted as a 2×2 factorial model in a completely randomized design. Results: No significant differences in digestibility of nutrients and growth performance between birds that ate the supplements with control group were observed (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mannan oligosaccharides and nano-copper on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks had no significant effect. At the doses used, concomitant supplementation of copper and mannan oligosaccharide did not have a positive effect on traits that were studied in broilers.

Keywords


 
Allan, W.H., Gough, R.E.A. (1974) Standard haemagglutination inhibition test for Newcastle disease: A compartion of macro and micro methods. Vet Res. 95: 120-123.
Abdolahfam, M., Ghahri, H. (2012) Immune response of broiler chicks fed yeast derived mannan oligosaccharides and humate against newcastle disease. World Appl Sci J. 18: 779-785.
Barlow, S., Chesson, A.J.D., Collins, J.D., Flynn, A.,  Hardy, A., Jany, K.D., Knaap, A., Kuiper, H.,  Larsen, J.C.,  Neindre, P.L.,  Schans, J.,  Schlatter, J.,  Silano, V.,  Skerfving, S., Vannier, P. (2009) The potential risks arising from nanoscience and nanotechnologies on food and feed safety. EFSA J. 958: 1-39.
Benites, V., Gilharry, R., Gernat, A.G., Murillo, I.G. (2008) Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide from Bio-Mos or SAFmannan on live performance of broiler chickens. J Appl Poultry Res. 17: 471-475.
Biggs,  P., Parsons, C.M. (2007) The effects of several oligosaccharides on true amino acid digestibility and Ttrue metabolizable energy in cecectomized and conventional roosters. Poult Sci. 86: 1161-1165.
Biggs, P., Parsons, C.M., Fahey, G.C. (2007) The effects of several oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. Poult Sci. 86: 2327-2336.
Bonos, E.M., Christaki, E.V., Florou-Paneri, P. C. (2010) Effect of dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides and acidifier calcium formate on the performance and carcass quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). J Food Agric Environ.  8: 611-617.
Creech, B.L., Spears, J.W., Flowers, W.L., Hill, G.M., Lloyd, K.E., Armstrong, T.A., Engle, T.E.  (2004) Effect of dietary trace mineral concentration and source (inorganic vs. chelated) on performance, mineral status, and fecal mineral excretion in pigs from weaning through finishing. J Anim Sci. 82: 2140-2147.
Davis, M.E., Maxwell, C.V., Brown, D.C., de Rodas, B.Z., Johnson, Z.B., Kegley, E.B., Hellwig, D.H., Dvorak, R.A. (2002) Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and (or) pharmacological additions of copper sulfate on growth performance and immunocompetence of weanling and growing/finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 80: 2887-2894.
El-sheikh, A.M.H., Abdalla, E.A., Maysa, E.A., Hanafy, M. (2009) Study on productive performance, hematological and immunological parameters in a local strain of chicken as affected by mannan oligosaccharide under hot climate conditions. Egypt Poult. Sci. 29: 287-305.
Fairchild, A.S., Grimes, J.L., Jones, F.T., Wineland, M.J., Edens, F.W., Sefton, A.E. (2001) Effects of hen age, Bio-Mos, and flavomycin on poult susceptibility to oral Escherichia coli challenge. Poult Sci. 80: 562-571.
Gaetke, L.M., Chow, C.K. (2003) Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicol. 189: 147-163.
Gonzales-Eguia, A., Fu, C.M., Lu, F.Y., Lien, T. F. (2009) Effects of nanocopper on copper availability and nutrients digestibility, growth performance and serum traits of piglets. Livest Sci. 126: 122-129.
Igbasan, F.A., Akinsanmi, S.K. (2012) Growth response and carcass quality of broiler chickens fed on diets supplemented with dietary copper sources. Afr J Agric Res. 7: 1674-1681.
Iqbal, R., Malik, F., Aziz, T. (2012) The study of histopathological changes upon exposure to vinegerized copper sulphate in liver and kidney of broiler chick. Middle-East J Sci Res. 12: 36-41.
Karimi, A., Sadeghi, G., Vaziry, A. (2011) The effect of copper in excess of the requirement during the starter period on subsequent performance of broiler chicks. J Appl Poultry Res. 20:  203-209.
Khalaji, S., Zaghari, M., Nezafati, S. (2011) The effects of mannan-oligosaccharides on cecal microbial populations, blood parameters, immune response and performance of broiler chicks under controlled condition. Afr J Biochem Res. 5: 160-164.
Konca, Y., Kirkpinar, F., Mert, S. (2009) Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and live yeast in diets on the carcass, cut yields, meat composition and colour of finishing turkeys. Asian Austral J Anim Sci. 22: 550-556.
Li, B., Hwang, J.Y., Drelich, J., Popko, D., Bagley, S. (2010) Physical, chemical and antimicrobial characterization of copper-bearing material. Jom J Min Met Mat Soc. 62: 80-85.
Manning, T.S., Gibson, G.R. (2004) Prebiotics. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 18: 287-298.
Markovic, R., Sefera, D., Krsticv, M., Petrujkic, B. (2009) Effect of different growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology. Arch Med Vet. 41: 163-169.
Monchois, V., Willemot, R.M., Monsan, P. (1999) Glucansucrases: Mechanism of action and structure-function relationships. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23: 131-151.
Mulhern, S.A., Koller, L.D. (1988) Severe or marginal copper deficiency results in a graded reduction in immune status in mice. J Nutr. 118: 10-41.
Nelson, R.D., Herron, M.J., Cormack, R.T., Gehrz, R.C. (1984) Two mechanisms of inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation by soluble yeast mannan polysaccharide. Infect Immun. 43: 1041-1046.
Ngo, D.N., Kim, M.M., Kim, S.K. (2008) Chitin oligosaccharides inhibit oxidative stress in live cells. Carbohydr Polym. 74: 228-234.
Niba, A.T., Beal, J.D., Kudi, A.C., Brooks, P. H. (2009) Bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of non-ruminants: influence of fermented feeds and fermentable carbohydrates. Trop Anim Health Prod. 41: 1393-1407.
Ortiz, L.T., Rodriguez, M.L., Alzueta, C., Rebole, A., Trevıno, J. (2009) Effect of inulin on growth performance, intestinal tract sizes, mineral retention and tibial bone mineralisation in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci. 50: 325-332.
Pocino, M., Baute, L., Malave, I. (1991) Influence of the oral administration of excess copper on the immune response. Fund Appl Toxicol. 16: 249- 256.
Sadeghi, A., Mohammadi, A., Shawrang, P., Aminafshar, M. (2013) Immune responses to dietary inclusion of prebiotic-based mannan-oligosaccharide and β-glucan in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella enteritidi. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 37: 206-213.
Samanta, B., Ghosh, P.R., Biswas, A., Das, S.K. (2011) The effects of copper supplementation on the performance and hematological parameters of broiler chickens. Asian- Austral. J Anim Sci. 24: 1001-1006.
Scott, M.L., Nesheim, M.C., Young, R.J. (1982) Nutrition of the Chicken. (3rd ed.) M. L. Scott and Associates, Ithaca, New York.
Shashidhara, R.G., Devegowda, G. (2003) Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on broiler breeder production traits and immunity. Poult Sci.  82: 1319-1325.
Smiricky-Tjardes, M.R., Grieshop, C. M., Flickinger, E.A., Bauer L.L., Fahey, G.C. (2003) Dietary galactooligosaccharides affect ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility, ileal and fecal bacterial concentrations, and ileal fermentative characteristics of growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 81: 2535-2545.
Sohail, M.U., Ijaz, A., Yousaf, M.S., Ashraf, K., Zaneb, H., Aleem, M., Rehman, H. (2010) Alleviation of cyclic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus-based probiotic: Dynamics of cortisol, thyroid hormones, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and humoral immunity. Poult Sci. 89: 1934-1938.
Turnlund, J.R., Jacob, R.A., Keen, C.L., Strain, J.J., Kelley, D.S., Domek, J.M., Keyes, W.R., Ensunsa, J.L., Lykkesfeldt, J., Coulter, J. (2004) Long-term high copper intake: effects on indexes of copper status, antioxidant status, and immune function in young men. Am J Clin Nutr. 79: 1037-1044.
Waldroup, P.W., Fritts, C.A., Yan, F. (2003) Utilization of Bio-Mos mannan oligosaccharide and Bioplex copper in broiler diets. Int J Poult Sci. 2: 44-52.
Wang, C., Wang, M.Q., Ye, S.S., Tao, W.J., Du, Y.J. (2011) Effects of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth and immunity in broilers. Poult Sci. 90: 2223-2228.
Wang, L.C., Hooge, D.M., Wen, C., Liang, C., Wang, T., Zhou, Y.M. (2010) Effects of dietary copper source and level on growth, organ weights and carcass characteristics of cherry valley meat ducks. Int J Poult Sci. 9: 726-730.
Wang, M.Q., Du, Y.J., Wang, C., Tao, W.J., He, Y.D., Li, H. (2012) Effects of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on intestinal microflora and morphology in weaned piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res. 149: 184-189.
Wendt Thiex, N.J. (2000) Animal feed. In:  Official Methods of Analysis. Horwitz, W. (ed.).(17th ed.) Vol. 1. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Gaithersburg, MD, USA. p. 1-54.
Wu, D.W., Wang, L.C., Wen, C., Hooge, D.M., Liang, C., Zhou, Y.M. (2012) Effects replacing of a dietary antibacterial agent (Zinc Bacitracin) with copper salts in Cherry Valley Pekin meat ducks. Br Poult Sci. 54: 112-119.
Yalcinkaya, I., Gungor, T., Basalan, M., Erdem, E. (2008) Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: effects on performance and blood biochemistry. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 32: 43-48.
Yang, Y., Iji, P.A., Choct, M. (2007) Effects of different dietary levels of mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance and gut development of broiler chickens. Asian Austral J Anim Sci. 20: 1084-1091.
Yang, Y., Iji, P.A., Kocher, A., Mikkelsen, L.L., Choct, M. (2008) Effects of mannanoligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli challenge. Br Poult Sci. 49: 550-559.