Survey on Salmonella contamination of Golden Jackals by microbiological culture methods and PCR in Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces

Authors

gorgan university of agricultural culture and natural resources

Abstract

Introduction and objective: Salmonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens have been infected a wide range of domestic and wild animals. Opportunistic wild carnivores such as Golden jackal (Canis aureus) which stray in high numbers around the rural areas can act as potential sources of salmonella spp in humans and wild & domestic animals in North Iran.
The object of this survey was to examine the Salmonella spp infection including the antibiotic-resistant pattern in golden jackals in Golestan and Mazandaran Province.
Material and Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, fecal samples of 50 road-killed Golden jackals (Canis aureus), were collected and analyzed for Salmonella contamination by classical microbiological culture methods and PCR followed by serotyping and determining of antibiotic resistant pattern.
Results: 5 Salmonella belonging to 2 serotypes: S typhymurium (3/5) and S arizona (2/5) were isolated by culturing and PCR. The rate of Salmonella contamination was similar between females and males and higher incidence detected in jackals under 2 years old.
Conclusion: 10% Salmonella infection of sampled golden jackals highlights the neglected role of this species in zoonotic diseases dissemination and posing a great threat to human health in rural areas of Golestan and Mazandaran Provinces.
The epidemiological study on role of wild animals in the spread of salmonella and developing strategy for salmonellosis prevention and control seems necessary.

Keywords

References

Ashbol, R., Kirk, M. D. (2006) Salmonella Mississippi infections in Tasmania: The role of native Australian animals and untreated drinking water. Epidemiol Infect. 134: 1257- 1265.
Bella, B., Capone, A., Bordi, E., Johnson, E., Musso, E., Topino, S., Petrosill, N. (2011) Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae infection in a 43-year-old Italian man with hypoglobulinemia: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 5: 323 -9.
Bellan, S.E., Cizauskas, C. A., Miyen, J., Ebersohn, K., Ku¨ sters, M. (2012) Black jackals exposure to rabies virus, canine distemper virus, and Bacillus anthracis in Namibia. J Wild Dis. 48: 371-381.
Bengis, R.G., Kock, R.A., Fisher, J. (2002) Infectious diseases of animals: The wildlife/livestock interface’, Scientific and Technical Review. Rev Sci Tech. 21: 53-65.
Bob, A. (2011) Food Net Estimate of the Burden of Illness Caused by Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections in the United States. Cli Infect Dis. 38: 34-40.
Botti,V., Navillod, F.V., Domenis, L., Orusa, R., Pepe, E., Robetto, S., Guidett, S. (2013) Salmonella spp. and antibiotic-resistant strains in wild mammals and birds in north-western Italy from 2002 to 2010. Vet Ital. 49: 195-202.
Daszak, P., Cunningham, A.A., Hyatt, A.D. (2000) Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife -Threats to biodiversity and human health. Science. 287: 443-449.
Emaddi Chashni, S.H., Hassanzadeh, M., Bozorgmehri Fard, M.H., Mirzaie, S. (2009) Characterization of the Salmonella Isolates from Backyard Chickens in North of Iran, by Serotyping, Multiplex PCR and Antibiotic Resistance. Arch Razi Ins. 64: 77-83.
Ersine, V.M., Duncan, D.A., Wendell, ME.E., Riggs, A., Billie, O. (1976) Canine Salmonellosis: A Review and Report of Dog to Child Transmission of Salmonella enteritidis. Am J Public Health. 66: 123-31.
Falade, S., Durojaiye, O. (1976) Salmonella isolated from captive animals in Ibadan, Western state of Nigeria. J Wild Dis. 12: 464-7.
Gast, R.K. (2008) Salmonella infection. In: Blackwell Publishing. Saif, Y.M., Fadly, A.M., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R., Nolan, L.K., Swayne, D.E. Diseases of poultry. (eds.). (12th ed.) Iowa. USA. p. 636-665.
Giannatos, G., Karypidou, A. Legakis, A., Polymeni, R.  (2009) Golden jackal (Canis aures) diet in southern Greece. Mam Biol. 6: 34-9.
Gopee, N.V., Adesiyun, A.A., Caesar, K. (2000) Retrospective and Longitudinal study of salmonellosis in captive wildlife in Trinidad. J Wild Dis. 36: 284 - 293.
Gorski, L., Parker, C.T., Liang, A., Cooley, M.B., Jay-Russell, M.T. (2011) Prevalence, distribution, and diversity of Salmonella enterica in a major produce region of California. Appl Environ Microbiol. 77: 2734-2748.
Haydon, D.T., Cleaveland, S., Taylor, L.A., Laurenson L.A. (2002) Identifying reservoirs of infection: A conceptual and practical challenge. Emerg Infect Dis. 8: 1468-1473.
Handeland, K., Nesse, L.L., Lillehaug, A., Vikøren, T., Djønne, B., Bergsjø, B. (2008) Natural and experimental Salmonella Typhimurium infections in foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Vet Microbiol. 132: 129-134.
Khan, M., Khan, S.S., Bashu, J., Rima, U.K., Pervin, M., Hossain, M.Z., Habib, M.A. (2012) Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in golden jackals of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, a threat for expanding future zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Bangladesh. J Vet Med. 10: 97-105.
Krofel, M. (2007) Opportunistic hunting behavior of black-backed jackals in Namibia. African J Ecol. 46: 220-222.
Jalali, P.A., Beygi, M.D., Asadpoor, L. (2010) Isolation and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis. J Azad Uni. 9: 12-17.
Macri, N.P., Stevenson, G. W., Wu, C. C. (1997) Salmonella Arizona in a Lynx. J Wild Dis. 33: 909-11.
Mario, C., M., Ferrari, N., Giardiello, D., Lanfranchi, P., Zanoni, M. (2014) Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and badgers (Meles meles) in northern Italy. Acta Vet Scand. 34: 56-65.
Michele, T., Hake, A. F., Bengson, Y.,Thiptara, A.,Nguyen, T. (2014) Prevalence and Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Strains Isolated from Stray Dog and Coyote Feces in a Major Leafy Greens Production Region at the United States-Mexico Border. PLoS One.  9: 1-13.
Okoh, A. E. J., Onazi, M. (1980) Note on salmonella isolation from wildlife in Kano zoological Gardens. J Wildlife Disease. 16: 7-10.
Oliveira, M., Pedroso, N.M., Sales, T.,Santos-Reis, M., Tavares, L., Vilela, C. (2010) Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Isolated from Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) in Portugal. J Wildlife Disease. 46: 1257-61.
Pedersen, K., Clark, L., Andelt, W. F., Salman, M.D. (2006) Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in Rock Pigeons captured in Fort Collins, Colorado. J Wild Dis. 42: 46-55.
Quinn, P.J., Carter M.E., Mawkey, B.G.R. (2001) Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby. (2nd ed.) St Louis, United States.
Rbsch, W., Tschap, H., Baumle, A. J. (2001) Non- typhoidal Salmonellosis: emerging problems. Microbes Infect. 3: 237-47.
Schwarz, S., Kehrenberg, C., Walsh, T.R. (2001) Use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine and food animal production. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 17: 431-437.
Soumet, C., Ermel, G., Rose, V., Rose, N., Drouin, P., Salvat, G., Colin, P. (1999) Identification by a multiplex PCR based assay of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis strains from environmental swabs of poultry houses. Lett Appl Microbiol. 29: 1- 6.
Su, L.H., Chiu, C.H., Chu, C., Ou, J.T. (2004) Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoid Salmonella Serotypes: A Global Challenge. Clin Infec Dis. 39: 546-551.
Thompson, R.C.A., Kutz, S.J., Smith, A. (2009) Parasite zoonoses and wildlife: emerging issues. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 6: 678-93.
Waltman, W.D., Gast, R.K., Mallinson, E.T. (1999) Salmonellosis. In: A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens. Swayne, D.E., Glisson, J.R., Jackwood, M.M., Pearson, J.E., Reed, W.M. (eds.) (4th ed.) American Association of Avian Pathologists. Pennsylvania. USA. p. 4-13.
Woodward, D.L., Khakhia, R., Johnson, W.M. (1997) Human salmonellosis associated with exotic pets. J Clin Mic. 35: 2786-90.
Yousuf, M. A., Bashu, J., Pervin, M., Islam, M.T., Das, P.Y. (2014)  Identifying disease of golden jackals of Bangladesh agricultural university campus, Bangladesh. Bangl J Vet Med. 12: 217-224.
Yousefi-Mashouf, R., Moshtaghi, A.A. (2007) Frequency of Typhoidal and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Species and Detection of Their Drugs Resistance Patterns. J Res Health Sci. 7: 49-56.
Zahrai Salehi, T., Askari Badouei, M., Madadgar, O., Ghiasi, S. R., Ahrafi Tamai, I. (2013) Shepherd dogs as common source for Salomonella enterica serovar Reading in Garmsar. Turkish J Vet Ani Sci. 37: 102-105.
Ziaee, H. (2008) Field Handbook of Iran’s Mammals. Association with Wildlife Publisher. Introduction Wildlife Center Institute Publication. (2th ed.) Tehran, Iran. p. 142-50.
Journal of Veterinary Research
Volume 72, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2017
Pages 269-276

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics