تأثیر جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (Silybum marianum) و دانه هایی با سرعت تجزیه متفاوت بر قارچ های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان

نویسندگان

گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان، اهواز-ایران

چکیده

زمینه مطالعه: شناخت پتانسیل‌های دامی و گیاهی هر منطقه راهی برای جبران کمبود منابع علوفه‌ای و استفاده بهینه از منابع خوراکی آن کشور می‌باشد، خارمریم از جمله گیاهان دارویی است که برای دام‌های بومی خوزستان مصرف علوفه‌ای نیز دارد. هدف: تحقیق حاضر با هدف مطالعه تأثیر جیره‌های حاوی مقادیر مختلف خارمریم بر فعالیت قارچ‌ها و کل میکروارگانیسم‌های شکمبه گاومیش خوزستان در جیره‌های حاوی دانه با سرعت تجزیه شکمبه‌ای متفاوت انجام شد. روش کار: اثر جیره‌های حاوی سطوح مختلف خارمریم (DMرg/kg 0، 100 و  200) بر کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها و قارچ‌های شکمبه‌ی گاومیش با استفاده از روش‌های مختلف مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج: پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت. پتانسیل و نرخ تولید گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی توسط قارچ‌های شکمبه گاومیش تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت و در جیره‌های حاوی خارمریم افزایش یافتند (05/0>p). در جیره بر پایه‌ جو افزودن خارمریم باعث افزایش عددی قابلیت هضم ماده خشک و NDF گردید در حالی که در جیره بر پایه‌ ذرت، باعث کاهش ناچیز هضم ماده خشک و NDF شد. در محیط کشت اختصاصی قارچ‌ها، قابلیت هضم NDF، در هر دو جیره‌ پایه در زمان 9 روز و کل دوره تحت تأثیر جیره‌های حاوی خارمریم قرار گرفت و با افزایش سطح خارمریم، هضم NDF کاهش یافت (05/0>p). صرف نظر از نوع جیره پایه، قابلیت هضم NDF (05/0<p) و ماده خشک (05/0>p) در هر دو جیره‌ پایه در زمان‌ 6 روز، با ازدیاد مقدار خارمریم افزایش داشت. نتیجه‌گیری‌نهایی: در کل استفاده از خارمریم اثر منفی بر میکروارگانیسم‌ها و هضم مواد مغذی توسط آنها نداشت، بنابراین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که می‌توان از خارمریم تا 20% جیره گاومیش بدون اثرات منفی بر هضم و تخمیر توسط کل میکروارگانیسم‌ها و قارچ‌ها استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of diets containing different levels of Milk Thistle and grains with different degradation rate on rumen fungi of Khuzestan buffalo

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeynab Nikzad
  • Morteza Chaji
  • Khalil Morzadeh
  • Tahereh Mohammadabadi
  • Mohsen Sari
Department of Animal Sciences, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Molasani, Ahvaz-Iran
چکیده [English]

BACKGROUND: Identifying the potential of livestock and forage plants of each region is a way to compensate the lack of forage, and efficient use of edible resources of the country. Milk Thistle is a medicinal plant which may be used as fodder for native livestock of Khuzestan Province. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to study  the effects of different levels of Milk Thistle on rumen fungi and whole rumen microorganisms (WRM) of Khuzestan buffalo, with diets containing grains with different degradation rate (barley and maize). METHODS: The impact of diets containing different levels of Milk Thistle (0, 100 and 200 g per kg DM) on rumen fungi and WRM of buffalo was measured by different techniques. RESULTS: Potential and rate of gas production from experimental diets by WRM were not significantly different. This parameters by buffalo rumen fungi were significantly differed and increased in diets containing Milk Thistle (p<0.05). Adding Milk Thistle in the barley-based diet increased dry matter and NDF digestibility numerically while in the corn-based diet dry matter and NDF digestibility was slightly reduced. In the SRFCM, NDF digestibility, in both basal diets in 9 days and during total period was affected by diets containing Milk Thistle and decreased NDF digestibility with increasing levels of Milk Thistle (p<0.05). Regardless of the type of basal diet, digestibility of NDF (p<0.05) and dry matter (p>0.05) for day 6, were increased with increasing the amount of Milk Thistle. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the use of Milk Thistle did not have negative effect on microorganisms and digestion of nutrients by them. Therefore, results suggest that Milk Thistle could be used up to 20 percentage in buffalo diet without any negative effect on digestion and fermentation characteristics by total microorganisms and fungi.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Corn
  • Gas production
  • specific rumen fungi culture medium
  • two steps digestion

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