اندازه گیری میزان نیترات و بررسی عوامل موثر بر میزان آن در خیار سبز های منطقه جیرفت

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بهداشت و کنترل مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران

2 عضو هیات علمی دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران

3 عضو هیات علمی ،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان

چکیده

چکیده
زمینه مطالعه: مصرف سبزیجات آلوده به نیترات عوارض متعدد و مرگباری را در انسان وحیوان ایجاد نموده ویکی از مهم ترین عوامل ابتلای انسان به سرطان معده، سرطان خون، سرطان غده لنفاوی ، سندرم کشنده رنگ آبی ، اسهال و سایر بیماری گوارشی می باشد. با توجه به این که 80 % نیترات وارده به بدن از طریق سبزیجات تامین می شود، لذا اندازه‌گیری نیترات در سبزیجات پر مصرف بخصوص در مناطقی با تولید بالا که سهم زیادی در تامین سبزی کشور را دارند و همچنین بررسی فاکتورهای موثر بر تجمع نیترات، بسیار مهم و ضروری می‌باشد. هدف: هدف از این تحقیق اندازه گیری میزان نیترات و بررسی عوامل موثر بر میزان آن در خیار سبز های منطقه جیرفت به منظور ارائه راهکارهای لازم جهت تولید محصولات سالم می باشد. روش‌کار: در این تحقیق تعداد 210 نمونه جمع‌آوری، و با توجه به متغیرهای مستقل مورد مطالعه در طول یک سال زراعی، مشخصات آنها در پر سش نامه مخصوص یا‌دداشت گردید. نمونه ها به آزمایشگاه منتقل و میزان نیترات آنها با استفاده از اسید سالیسیلیک و دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر مشخص گردید. نتایج: نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد میانگین میزان نیترات در خیار سبز های منطقه جیرفت mg/kg 12/112 بوده و تعداد 29 نمونه از 210 نمونه جمع‌آوری شده (80/13%)تجمع نیترات بیش از حد مجاز داشته اند. همچنین مشخص گردید، متغیرهایی مثل نوع کشت، نوع آبیاری، جنس خاک، مقدار کود، فصل برداشت، سن نمونه، دمای محیط، وضعیت هوا، محل نمونه در مزرعه، فاصله بوته ها از یکدیگر، علف هرز و ضعیت مالی صاحب مزرعه تاثیر مستقیمی بر میزان نیترات میوه خیار دارد. نتیجه گیری نهایی: نتایج نشان می دهد در آلودگی و تجمع نیترات در مزارع خیار، عوامل متعددی تاثیر دارند که میتوان با رعایت، ترویج و کاربرد اصولی آنها محصولاتی سالم و با حدا قل میزان نیترات تولید نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Nitrate content and the effective factors on it in the cucumbers of Jiroft area

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein doomary 1
  • abolfazl kamkar 2
  • hamid sharifi 3
1 Department of Food Hygiene & Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran.
2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran.
3 Faculty member, Kerman University of Medical Sciences,
چکیده [English]

AbstractAbstract
BACKGROUND: The vegetables with high amount of Nitrate have a lot of detrimental effects on the human and animal health. The high amount of Nitrate results in some diseases such as Stomach cancer, Leukemia, cancer of the lymphatic nodes or NHL (Non-Hodgkin lymphoma), blue body syndrome, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases in human. Since 80% of Nitrate enters the human body by vegetables the measurement of Nitrate and the investigation of affecting factors on its accumulation in vegetables are of crucial importance especially at areas with high consumption of vegetables. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were monitoring the Nitrate amount in green cucumber and the most effective factors on it. METHODS: Overally, 210 samples were collected and analyzed from different farmlands of Jiroft city during one sowing season. The Nitrate content of the samples was measured by Salicylic acid and spectrophotometry method. RESULTS: The results showed that the average of Nitrate content in the collected samples is 112.12 mg/wet kg and 29 samples (13% out of 210 samples) have Nitrate concentration higher than standard level. Moreover, it was revealed that the factors such as type of planting, irrigation, soil, fertilizer, harvest season, age of sample, temperature, weather, sampling location in the farm, distance between bushes, weeds and farmer financial status have direct influence on the Nitrate content of the green cucumber in Jiroft area. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that different factors are affecting on the Nitrate accumulation in the cucumber and a healthy product with standard Nitrate content can be produced by considering the studied factors in this work.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Nitrate"
  • "cucumber"
  • "Effective factors"
Bartsch, H., Ohshima, H., Shuker, D.E., Pignatelli, B., Calmels, S. (1990) Exposure of humans to endogenous N-nitrous compounds, Implications in cancer etiology. Mutat Res. 238: 255-267.
Brownand, J.R., Smith, G.E. (1967) Nitrate accumulation in vegetable Crops as influenced by soil fertility practices. Mo Aes Res Bull. 920: 1-43.
Correia, M., Barroso, A., Soares, D. (2010) Contribution of different vegetable types to exogenous nitrate and nitrite exposure. Food Chem. 120: 960-966.
Dorsch, M.M., Scragg, R.K., Mcmichael, A.J. (1984) Congenital malformations and maternal drinking water supply in rural south Australia, A case control study. Am J Epidemiol. 119: 473-486.
Du, S., Zhang, Y., Lin, X. (2007) Accumulation of nitrate in vegetables and its possible implications to human health. Agr Sci China. 6: 1246-1255.
Emmert, E.M. (1929) The determination of nitrate in green tomato and lettuce tissues. Plant Physiol. 4: 519-528.
Farrington, D., Damant, A.P., Powell, K. Ridsdale, J., Walker, M., Wood, R. (2006) A comparision of the extraction methods used in the UK nitrate residues monitoring program. J Assoc Public Anal. 34: 1-11.
Fytianos, K., Zarogiannis, P. (1999) Nitrate and nitrite accumulation in Fresh vegetables from Greece. B Environ Contam Tox. 62: 187-192
Graun, G.F., Greathous, D.G., Gundersan, D.H. (1981) Methemoglobin levels in young children consuming high nitrate well water in the U.S. Int J Epidemiol. 4: 309-317.
Hsu, J., Arcot, J.N., Lee, A. (2009) Nitrate and nitrite quantification from cured meat and vegetables and their estimated dietary intake in Australians. Food Chem. 115: 334-339.
Jaafari. R.A., Farzan. A., Azizzadeh, A., Ghazanfarpoor, N. (2001) Nitrate and nitrite in some vegetables produced in Isfahan. J Isfahan Univ Med Sci. 6: 123-125
Kaditis, A., Alexopoulos, E., Ntamagka, G. (2010) Serum nitrite and nitrate levels in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Med Rev. 11: 258-262.
Kross, B.C., Ayebo, A.D., Fuortes, L.J. (1992) Met hemoglobinemia, nitrate toxicity in rural America. Am Fam Physician. 46: 183-8.
Li, H., Li, T., Gordon, R.J., Asiedu, S.K. (2010) Strawberry plant fruiting efficiency and its correlation with solar irradiance, temperature and reflectance water index variation. Environ Exp Bot. 68: 165-174.
Merusia,C., Corradinia, C., Cavazza, A., Borromeia, C. and Salvadeoa, P. (2010) Determination of nitrates, nitrites and oxalates in food products by capillary electrophoresis with pH- dependent electroosmotic flow reversal. Food Chem. 120: 615-620.
Peksa, A., Golubowska, G., Aniolowski, K., Lisinska, J., Rytel, E. (2006) Changes glycoalkaloids and nitrate contents in potatoes during chip processing. Food Chem.  97: 151-156.
Prasad, S.S., Chetty, A.A. (2008) Nitrate-N determination in leafy vegetables. Study of the effects of cooking and freezing. Food Chem. 106: 772-780.
Rahmani, H.R. (2006) In visitation of nitrate pollution in the Soil. Water and plants in some agricultural fields in Baraan Esfahan prevalence. J Environ Sci. 11: 23-34.
Rajput, T.B., Patel, N. (2006) Water and nitrate movement in drip-irrigated onion under fertigation and irrigation treatment. Agr Water Manage. 79: 293-311.
Rebecca, L., Stutte, G. W. (2001) Nitrate concentration effects on NO3- uptake and reduction, growth and fruit yield in Strawberry. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 126: 125-131.
Santamaria, P. (2006) Nitrate in vegetables: toxicity, content, intake and Ec regulation. J Sci Food Agr. 86: 10-17.
Serio, F., Elia, A., Signore, A., Santamaria, P. (2004) Influence of nitrogen form on yield and nitrate content of subirrigated early potato. J Sci Food Agr. 84: 1428-1432.
Shahlaei, A., Ansari, N., Dehkordi, F.S. (2007) Evaluation of nitrate and nitrite content of Iran Southern (Ahwaz) vegetables during winter and spring of 2006. Asian J Plant Sci. 6: 1197- 1203.
Shokrzadeh, M., Shokravie, M., Ebadi, A.G., Babaee, Z., Tarighati, A. (2007) The measurment of nitrate and nitrite content in Leek and Spinach sampled from central cities of Mazandaran state of Iran. World Appl Sci J. 2: 169-172.
Sobhan- e- Ardakani, S., Shayesteh, K., Afiuni, M., Mahbobi Sofiani, N. (2005) Nitrate concentration in some of plants products. J Environ Stud. 31: 69-76.
Song, X.Z., Zhao, C.X., Wang, X.L. (2009) Study of nitrate leaching and nitrogen fate under intensive vegetable production pattern in northern China. CR Biol. 332: 385-392.
Susin, J., Kmecl, V., Gregorcic, A. (2006) A survey of nitrate and nitrite content of fruit andvegetables grown in Slovenia during 1996-2002. Food Addit Contam.  23: 385-390.
Zhang, H., Chi, D., Qun, W., Jun, F. (2011) Yield and Quality Response of Cucumber to Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization under subsurface drip irrigation in solar Greenhouse. Agr Sci China. 10: 921-930.
Zomorodi, S., Khosroshahi, A.A. (2003) Nitrate and nitrite concentration changes during storage and processing of Tomato. J Agr Eng Res. 15: 45-56.